S - Kam Ng PhD Dissertation Final.pdf - Digital Repository of CCEE ...

86̅ ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ( ) ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ( )√̅√̅0̅̅ √ 1 (2.42)√ ( ) ( )√ [( )( )] (2.43)̅0 √ . /1( )√ [( )( )](2.44). / √* . /+( ). / , √ 0( ). /1- (2.45)where,̅= mean value of the resistance = λ R R, kN or kip,̅ = mean value of the load = , kN or kip,COV R = coefficient of variation of resistance,COV Q = coefficient of variation of load,ζ g = standard of deviation of function g,β = reliability index,β Tλ Rγ Dγ LQ DQ L= target or desired reliability index,= resistance bias factor = Ratio of measured to predicted value for resistance,= dead load bias factor = Ratio of measured to predicted value for dead load,= live load bias factor = Ratio of measured to predicted value for live load,= dead load factor,= live load factor,= dead load, kN or kip, and= live load, kN or kip.