S - Kam Ng PhD Dissertation Final.pdf - Digital Repository of CCEE ...

105dynamic analysis methods. They suggested that scheduling of construction or pile testing forsetup measurement should consider the following recommended times in hours elapsed afterthe pile installation to reach 75% of the maximum resistance (t 75% ) in terms of a pile radius(r). For open-ended pipe piles, the pile radius (r) can be taken as one-half of the outsidediameter. For a square shape pile, the radius (r) can be assumed as half of its side dimension.The depth from the outer edge of one flange to the outer edge of the other flange canconsidered the equivalent radius (r) for steel H-piles. This approach does not estimate pilesetup, but it suggests when pile static or dynamic tests are performed to measure the increasein pile resistance at 75% of the maximum value.1. For piles embedded completely in clay:For static testing purpose:For dynamic testing purpose:2. For piles embedded in alternating soil conditions (granular and cohesive):For dynamic testing purpose:Karlsrud et al. (2005) tried to relate soil properties to pile setup by incorporating theplasticity index (PI) and overconsolidation ratio (OCR) in Eq. (2.64), based on a NorwegianGeotechnical Institute (NGI) database that consisted of 36 well documented pile tests on steelpipe piles with outer diameters greater than 200 mm and supplemented results given in Flaate(1968). Referred to Eq. (2.64), the term 0 . / 1 is a dimensionlessresistance increase for a ten-fold time increase, and it is limited to a range between 0.1 and0.5. Fellenius (2008) concluded that the reference resistance at 100 days (R 100 ) by assumingcomplete pore water dissipation at this time was not true and not feasibly determined inpractices.[ ( ) ] ( ) (2.64)Jeon and Rahman (2007) developed a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) toestimate the increase of ultimate pile resistance based on a database from a variety of case