Women with Disabilities: Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing ...

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WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES: BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO ACCESSING SERVICES DURING PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH AND EARLY MOTHERHOODSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College DublinKeltner etal (1999)Kohen(2004)Kroese etal (2002)Lehmann(2005)LlewellynandMcConnell(2002)U.S.A.U.K.U.K.NorthernIrelandAustraliaTo describe andquantify the riskfor developmentaldelay amongchildren born tomothers withintellectualdisabilities.To explore mentalhealth needs ofwomen with ID.To examine thesocial supportnetworks ofmothers withintellectualdisabilities.To examine viewsthat preventpositive sexualhealth in womenwith disabilities.To explore theviews of motherswith ID regardingsupport received.Quantitativeresearchstudy.Not researcharticle.Mixedmethods.Not researcharticle.Qualitativeinterviews.50 mothers withintellectual disabilitiesand 50 motherswithout intellectualdisabilities from lowincome families.Not research article.15 mothers withintellectualdisabilities.Not research article70 mothers withintellectual disabilitiesand pre-schoolchildren.Children born to women with intellectualdisabilities are more likely to experiencedevelopmental delay, due not to povertybut to inadequate parenting support.Limited access to health care. Servicesmust be able to respond to the needs ofwomen with intellectual disabilities.Lower numbers of valuable social contactsare associated with reduced self-esteemand greater stress amongst these women.Infantilisation of women with intellectualdisabilities. Criminalisation of sexual activityon the basis of mental incapacity.Mothers with intellectual disabilities oftenlive outside familial support networks. Thisis associated with greater stress and poorerhealth than in the mainstream population.191
WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES: BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO ACCESSING SERVICES DURING PREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH AND EARLY MOTHERHOODSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College DublinMcConnellandLlewellyn(2000)McConnellet al (2003)McConnellet al (2008)NationalDisabilityAuthority(NDA)(2007)Perkins etal (2002)U.S.A.AustraliaAustraliaTo describe theexperiences ofparents withintellectualdisabilities incourtproceedings.To examine thevariation inoutcomes amongchildren of peoplewith ID.To explore theprevalence ofpoor pregnancyand birth outcomein women with ID.Discursiveexamination ofcourtproceedings.Randomisedcontrolled trial.Cohort studyemployingantenatalclinic records.Not a research study. Parents with intellectual disabilities who arealready experiencing stress oftenexperience discrimination in statutory childprotection proceedings.45 parents withintellectualdisabilities.57 women withintellectual disabilityand/or self-reportedlearning difficulties.There is little understanding of how womenwith ID care for themselves duringpregnancy. No understanding of therequirements of these women during theantenatal and perinatal stages.There are higher odds of negative birthoutcomes for women with intellectualdisabilities – pre-eclampsia, low birthweightand admission of baby to the neonatalintensive care unit.Ireland See Table 5. See Table 5 See Table 5 Negative attitudes and reactions todisabled women’s sexuality andreproductive health.U.S.A.To examinemother–childrelationships andself-esteem ofchildren ofmothers with IDQuantitativestudy.36 children ofmothers withintellectualdisabilities.Societal and research foci tend to be on thewelfare of children and not on that ofmothers.192
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