Women with Disabilities: Barriers and Facilitators to Accessing ...

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WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES: BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO ACCESSING SERVICES DURING PREGNANCY,CHILDBIRTH AND EARLY MOTHERHOODSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College DublinSECTION TWO: PRESENTATION OF ANALYSIS OF LITERATURE ........... 50CHAPTER THREE: WOMEN WITH PHYSICAL DISABILITY: BARRIERS ANDFACILITATORS TO ACCESSING SERVICES DURING PREGNANCY,CHILDBIRTH AND EARLY MOTHERHOOD .................................................. 503.1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 503.1.1. Overview of section ............................................................................ 503.1.2. Overview of chapter ............................................................................ 503.2. Defining ‘access to services’ ................................................................. 513.3. Barriers to accessibility of services for women with physicaldisabilities....................................................................................................... 533.3.1. Location of services and models of care ............................................. 533.3.2. Transport ............................................................................................ 543.3.3. Physical environment .......................................................................... 553.4. Barriers preventing accommodation of women with physicaldisabilities....................................................................................................... 593.4.1. Access to health information ............................................................... 593.4.2. Antenatal education classes for women with disabilities..................... 603.4.3. Ineffective communication between health professionals and womenwith disabilities .............................................................................................. 623.5. Barriers to acceptability of services for women with physicaldisabilities....................................................................................................... 623.5.1. Attitudinal challenges from health professionals ................................. 623.5.2. Staff attitudes and behaviours towards women with disabilities ......... 623.5.3. Effect on women of negative staff attitudes and behaviours ............... 653.5.4. Lack of knowledge of disabilities in health care professionals ............ 663.5.5. Recent improvement in societal attitudes ........................................... 683.6. Facilitators to overcome accessibility challenges for women withphysical disabilities ....................................................................................... 693.6.1. General facilitating factors .................................................................. 693.6.2. Factors regarding location of services ................................................ 703.6.3. Facilitating transport to services ......................................................... 703.6.4. Facilitating improvements in the physical environment ....................... 703.6.5. Facilitators to improve service provision ............................................. 713.7. Facilitators to improve accommodation of women with physicaldisabilities....................................................................................................... 723.7.1. Facilitators to overcome communicational and informational challenges..................................................................................................................... 723.8. Facilitators to improve acceptability of services for women withphysical disabilities ....................................................................................... 723.8.1. Facilitators to overcome attitudinal challenges ................................... 72iii
WOMEN WITH DISABILITIES: BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO ACCESSING SERVICES DURING PREGNANCY,CHILDBIRTH AND EARLY MOTHERHOODSchool of Nursing and Midwifery, Trinity College Dublin3.8.2. Facilitators to increase health professionals’ knowledge .................... 733.9. Summary .................................................................................................. 73CHAPTER FOUR: WOMEN WITH VISION AND HEARING IMPAIRMENT:BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO ACCESSING SERVICES DURINGPREGNANCY, CHILDBIRTH AND EARLY MOTHERHOOD ......................... 754.1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 754.2. Barriers to accessibility of services for women with a visualimpairment ...................................................................................................... 754.3. Barriers preventing accommodation of women with a visualimpairment ...................................................................................................... 764.4. Barriers to acceptability of services for women with a visualimpairment ...................................................................................................... 764.5 Barriers to accessibility of services for women with a hearingimpairment ...................................................................................................... 774.6 Barriers preventing accommodation of women with a hearingimpairment ...................................................................................................... 784.6.1. Access to health information and antenatal education classes ........... 784.6.2. Ineffective communication between health professionals and womenwith hearing impairment................................................................................ 794.7. Barriers to acceptability of services for women with a hearingimpairment ...................................................................................................... 834.7.1. Attitudinal challenges from health professionals ................................. 834.8. Barriers for women with disability from ethnic minority groups ........ 834.9. Facilitators to overcome accessibility challenges for women withsensory loss ................................................................................................... 854.10. Facilitators to overcome accommodation challenges for women withsensory loss (including those women from ethnic minority groups) ....... 854.10.1. General facilitating factors ................................................................ 854.10.2. Facilitating communication with women with visual impairment ....... 864.10.3. Facilitating communication with women with hearing impairment ..... 864.10.4. Facilitating communication with women with sensory loss, who arefrom an ethnic minority group ....................................................................... 874.11. Facilitators to improve acceptability of services for women withsensory loss ................................................................................................... 874.12. Summary ................................................................................................ 87iv
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