Examiner's Manual & Technical Report - Kaplanco.com

validity, in English and Spanish?• Are items placed in the correct sequence within each developmental age range?• Does the instrument provide meaningful results for children of diverse cultural,socioeconomic, and family backgrounds?• Does the instrument function appropriately for children with atypical development?• Do the materials reflect developmentally appropriate practices?Features of the LAP-DThe LAP-D is a comprehensive, norm-referenced measure designed for use by practitioners andclinicians to assess the development of young children. Standardized materials, procedures, andcriteria for determining a child’s level of functioning are included for each item to help ensureconsistent and accurate results. The LAP-D includes the following features.Content. The LAP-D consists of a total of 226 developmental skills arranged hierarchically infour domains of development, with two subscales in each domain:Domains: Fine Motor Cognitive Language Gross MotorSubscales: Writing Counting Naming Body MovementManipulation Matching Comprehension Object MovementDual Language. The LAP-D may be administered in either English or Spanish. Both the Englishand Spanish versions were standardized on separate national samples of children based on theprimary language of the participants. The consensus method was used to translate/adapt 1 theLAP-D into Spanish to ensure the quality of the final product. This twelve-step process includeda detailed review process by a consortium of professionals from early childhood education andrelated fields representing seven different Spanish-speaking populations as well as a pilot study.(See page 42 for details about the translation/adaptation process and pilot study.)Age Range. The LAP-D is appropriate for children functioning in the 30 to 72 month age range.Children with disabilities who are older than 72 months may be assessed using the LAP-D ifobservational data or other diagnostic evaluation data indicate they are functioning in the 30 to72 month age range. However, for children older than 72 months, the standard scores should notbe used.Administration. Generally, it takes 1-1½ hours to administer the LAP-D. However, if a child isfunctioning significantly above or below age level, it may take longer to complete the fullassessment. The LAP-D may be administered individually or in a station-to-station approach.Periodic and Ongoing Assessment. In order to use the LAP-D to document children’sdevelopment, it should be administered at specified checkpoints (e.g., beginning-, middle-, end-1 Geisinger (1994) suggests test adaptation as the more accurate terminology for cross-cultural translations ofassessment tools, which “documents the adaptations in references to culture, in content, and in wording that areneeded in addition to simple translation in revising a test” (p. 305).2