Examiner's Manual & Technical Report - Kaplanco.com

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indicate strong correlations (.74 to .90) between chronological age and raw scores for thedomains and subscales as well as good reliability based on test-retest correlations (.87 to .99) andinterrater reliability correlations (.74 to .90) across both language groups. Construct and criterionvalidity results also indicate that the LAP-D is a very valid instrument when compared with otherestablished instruments. See Chapters 5 and 6 for detailed information about the LAP-D normingstudy.LAP-D ContentBecause the LAP-D is a norm-referenced assessment, its overall purpose is to provide a standardagainst which a child’s development in specific content areas can be measured. The LAP-Dcovers four major domains of development, with two subscales for each domain: Fine Motor:(Writing & Manipulation); Cognitive (Counting & Matching); Language (Naming &Comprehension); and Gross Motor (Body Movement & Object Movement). Items are arrangedin sequential order of difficulty within each subscale, based on normative patterns ofdevelopment. Items are grouped into developmental age categories representing the typical ageat which most children can perform these tasks. This third edition of the LAP-D has retained thesame structure as the previous version, as well as most of the same items. The goal of thisrevision was to make as few changes as possible to the instrument, but to enhance itspsychometric integrity where needed. The legitimate problem of assigning a behavior to onespecific area of development continues to be challenging for test developers. While it isinappropriate to ignore overlap between areas of development (e.g., cognition/language or finemotor/gross motor), the authors believe that for purposes of programming, the instrument shouldfocus on the primary developmental area reflected by a specific behavior.Some changes were made in the location of the developmental milestones to strengthen theassociation between chronological age and the placement of items within the developmental agecategories. These changes were based on item analyses of each language group separately aswell as the total project sample, and were only instituted when the change improved theproperties of both language versions.As a result of these analyses, items were re-arranged within age levels from least to mostdifficult or moved to a different age level to better accommodate the basal and ceiling format ofthe assessment. As indicated in Table 1, items were moved within an age range sequence ormoved to another age range. However, it should be noted that these changes also affected thenumbering of surrounding items.10
Table 1. Subscales of the LAP-DDomain/SubscaleBehaviorSecond Edition Third EditionItem Dev Age Item Dev AgeFine Motor: Manipulation Laces through holes in outline of picture on FM19 48 FM21 54lacing cardFine Motor: Writing Imitates V stroke FW10 36 FW11 42Fine Motor: Writing Copies V FW16 54 FW20 54Fine Motor: Writing Copies numerals 6-10 with no errors FW31 72 FW29 72Cognitive: Matching Forms square from 2 triangles to match design CM12 48 CM13 48Cognitive: Matching Places pictures of objects on related samples CM15 54 CM17 54Cognitive: MatchingBuilds 2 steps from 10 small blocks with model CM18 54 CM18 60removedCognitive: Counting Recites numbers 1-20 CC19 60 CC21 60Language: Naming Names 18 pictures of common objects LN11 48 LN12 48Language: Naming Names the cause for 3 given events RW LN15 54 LN17 54Language: Comprehension Points to 6 body parts upon request LC4 24 LC4 30Language: Comprehension Follows 8 simple commands LC5 24 LC5 30Language: Comprehension Responds appropriately to 2LC6 30 LC6 36prepositionsLanguage: Comprehension Follows two 2-step commands in exact order LC7 30 LC7 36Language: Comprehension Points to 5 pictured objects by use LC8 30 LC8 36Language: Comprehension Selects 4 pictures related to aLC15 48 LC13 48sentence readLanguage: Comprehension Points to 5 printed numerals between 1 and 10 LC16 54 LC19 60Gross Motor: Body Movement Balances on 1 foot for 5 seconds GB10 36 GB11 36Gross Motor: Body Movement Balances on 1 foot for 8 seconds GB14 42 GB17 42Gross Motor: Body Movement Walks up stairs using alternating feet without GB15 42 GB14 42Gross Motor: Body Movementholding onStretches on tiptoes to obtain bat without losing GB16 42 GB15 42balanceGross Motor: Body Movement Walks forward heel to toe GB17 42 GB18 42Gross Motor: Body Movement RunsGB18 42 GB16 42LAP-D Assessment MaterialsThe LAP-D includes four types of materials essential to administering the assessment in bothEnglish and Spanish: the LAP-D Assessment Manual, the LAP-D Scoring Booklet, the LAP-DExaminer’s Manual & Technical Report, and the LAP-D Assessment Kit. Supplementarymaterials include the LAP-D Computer Scoring Assistant (PC, Web-based, and Palm Pilotsoftware) and the LAP-D Planning Cards. Each of these materials is described below.LAP-D Assessment Manual. The LAP-D Assessment Manual forms the core of the assessment.It contains a total of 226 developmental skills arranged in chronological sequence in eightsubscales representing four domains of development:Fine Motor: ManipulationFine Motor: WritingCognitive: CountingCognitive: MatchingLanguage: ComprehensionLanguage: Naming28 items31 items33 items24 items23 items30 items11
Page 3 and 4: Initial DevelopmentDavid Wilson LeM
Page 6 and 7: About the AuthorsBelinda J. Hardin
Page 8 and 9: Interpreting LAP-D Profiles........
Page 10 and 11: validity, in English and Spanish?
Page 12 and 13: the LAP-D Third Edition is comprise
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 2Overview of the LAP-DThis
Page 17: egression procedures. This study ex
Page 21: LAP-D Scoring Booklet. The Scoring
Page 24 and 25: ecomes inattentive or severely dist
Page 26 and 27: --When borrowing a month, borrow 30
Page 28 and 29: Determining Starting PointsOnce the
Page 30 and 31: Scoring Procedures RulesOnce the st
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3a. Determining the BasalJOR
Page 34 and 35: Ceiling RulesThe child’s ceiling
Page 36 and 37: Additional Scoring Rules1. Administ
Page 38 and 39: Figure 5. Computing Raw ScoresDEVAG
Page 40 and 41: complete the Scoring Summary & Prof
Page 42 and 43: Figure 7: Shanika’s Scoring Summa
Page 44 and 45: Figure 9: Alan’s Scoring Summary
Page 46 and 47: Communicating Assessment Results to
Page 48 and 49: of training and experience required
Page 50 and 51: sessions, one to three weeks apart,
Page 52 and 53: Changes were made to the translatio
Page 54 and 55: 60-65 months 183 62.4 001.8 194 62.
Page 56 and 57: Table 6. Adults and Number of Child
Page 58 and 59: Prior to selection of the criterion
Page 60 and 61: additional 409 children (19.5%; n=2
Page 62 and 63: means, standard deviations, and cor
Page 64 and 65: • Comprehension30-35 months 99 08
Page 66 and 67: Table 12b. Internal Consistency of
Page 68 and 69:
Table 13b. Standard Errors of Measu
Page 70 and 71:
Test-retest reliability was determi
Page 72 and 73:
speaking children, 8.62% were Black
Page 74 and 75:
Table 17b. Means, Standard Deviatio
Page 76 and 77:
Table 18b. Zero-order Correlations
Page 78 and 79:
Table 20. Correlations Between LAP-
Page 80 and 81:
Table 23 depicts the means, standar
Page 82 and 83:
Age Equivalent ScoresAn age equival
Page 85 and 86:
ReferencesAmerican Educational Rese
Page 87 and 88:
Errata for theExaminer’s Manual &
Page 89 and 90:
Table A-1. Percentile Rank, NCE, t-
Page 91 and 92:
Table B-2. Percentile Ranks for LAP
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
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Table B-10. Percentile Ranks for LA
Page 101 and 102:
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Page 105 and 106:
30-35 MONTHS 36-41 MONTHS 42-47 MON
Page 107 and 108:
30-35 MONTHS 36-41 MONTHS 42-47 MON
Page 109 and 110:
Table C-1. Percentile Ranks for LAP
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Table C-11. Percentile Ranks for LA
Page 121 and 122:
Table C-13. Percentile Ranks for LA
Page 123 and 124:
Table C-15. Percentile Ranks for To
Page 125:
Table C-16. Spanish Age Equivalents
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