Examiner's Manual & Technical Report - Kaplanco.com

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Interpreting LAP-D Profiles.........................................................................................................33Recording Observations and Recommendations .........................................................................37Developing Individual Goals and Objectives ..............................................................................37Communicating Assessment Results to Parents ..........................................................................38Ethnical Use and Interpretation of Assessments Results .............................................................39Chapter 5: Methodology and Procedures for the LAP-D Reliability and Validity Study .........................41Overview of Study.......................................................................................................................41Spanish Translation/Adaptation of the LAP-D ...............................................................42Item Analysis for the Norming Study.............................................................................44Methods .......................................................................................................................................44Geographic Distribution of Project Sites .....................................................................................45Participant Characteristics ...........................................................................................................45Age and Gender ..............................................................................................................45Race/Ethnicity.................................................................................................................46Family Characteristics ....................................................................................................47Program Types................................................................................................................49Measures ......................................................................................................................................49Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning, Third Edition (DIAL-3)....50Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition (PPVT-III).........................................50Test de Vocabulario en Imágenes Peabody (TVIP)........................................................50Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery-Revised (WJ-R)................................50Batería Woodcock-Johnson-Muñoz (Batería -R) ...........................................................50Parent Questionnaire.......................................................................................................51Procedures....................................................................................................................................51Chapter 6: Statistical Properties of the LAP-D ........................................................................................53Reliability.....................................................................................................................................53Correlations Between Chronological Age and Raw Scores............................................53Internal Consistency .......................................................................................................56Standard Errors of Measurement ....................................................................................58Test-Retest Reliability ....................................................................................................60Interrater Reliability........................................................................................................63Validity ........................................................................................................................................66Construct Validity...........................................................................................................66Criterion Validity............................................................................................................69Children With Disabilities ...........................................................................................................71Chapter 7: Process for Developing Norming Tables ................................................................................73Percentile Ranks ..........................................................................................................................73Age Equivalent Scores.................................................................................................................73Z-Scores.......................................................................................................................................74T-Scores.......................................................................................................................................74Normal Curve Equivalents (NCE)...............................................................................................75References.................................................................................................................................................77Appendices-Norming Tables ....................................................................................................................79VII
OverviewChapter 1Introduction:The Learning Accomplishment Profile-Diagnostic (LAP-D)Third EditionAs a norm-referenced assessment tool, the Learning Accomplishment Profile-Diagnostic (LAP-D) Third Edition provides a systematic method for observing individual development of childrenfunctioning in the 30 to 72 month age range. Teachers, special educators, clinicians, parents, andother professionals can use the LAP-D to provide a context for understanding individual skilldevelopment in comparison to the standardization sample. In addition, the results of the LAP-Dcan be used to plan and implement individualized, developmentally appropriate activities forchildren in educational and/or home settings. The LAP-D is designed for children both withtypical and with atypical development.The LAP-D Third Edition is based on research conducted over a two-year period (2002 to 2004)in order to provide updated norms as well as to develop a Spanish version of the instrument.During the past decade, many factors have changed in the overall population of the United Statesand the provision of early childhood services. Without a doubt, these changes had an impactupon the psychometric properties of the LAP-D, which was previously standardized in 1992.Furthermore, the significant increase in the Latino population in the United States during the pastdecade (U.S. Census, 2000) has led to the need for a Spanish edition of the LAP-D. The researchincluded representative samples of both English- and Spanish-speaking children in order to renormthe LAP-D in English as well as to develop and establish norms for the LAP-D in Spanish.Furthermore, psychometric properties, such as test construction, reliability, and validity, wereexamined for both the English and Spanish versions to ensure the technical competence of theLAP-D for each language group.The original LAP-D was founded on theoretical and research-based information in which skilldevelopment is viewed as a continuum, moving from simple to more complex behaviors, withthe premise that such development takes place in small increments (LeMay et al, 1977). Thisthird edition of the LAP-D continues to be based on sequential developmental milestonesidentified as essential indicators of child development in current theoretical and research-basedinformation. There were no changes to the overall structure of the LAP-D (four developmentaldomains with eight subscales), nor to the specific behaviors assessed. Some changes were madeto the sequence of items within a developmental age range or to the developmental age range fora given item according to the study results. However, the purpose and philosophical approach ofthe original LAP-D remain the same.The following research questions guided this study:• What are the psychometric properties of the instrument, including the reliability and1
Page 3 and 4: Initial DevelopmentDavid Wilson LeM
Page 6 and 7: About the AuthorsBelinda J. Hardin
Page 10 and 11: validity, in English and Spanish?
Page 12 and 13: the LAP-D Third Edition is comprise
Page 15 and 16: Chapter 2Overview of the LAP-DThis
Page 17 and 18: egression procedures. This study ex
Page 19 and 20: Table 1. Subscales of the LAP-DDoma
Page 21: LAP-D Scoring Booklet. The Scoring
Page 24 and 25: ecomes inattentive or severely dist
Page 26 and 27: --When borrowing a month, borrow 30
Page 28 and 29: Determining Starting PointsOnce the
Page 30 and 31: Scoring Procedures RulesOnce the st
Page 32 and 33: Figure 3a. Determining the BasalJOR
Page 34 and 35: Ceiling RulesThe child’s ceiling
Page 36 and 37: Additional Scoring Rules1. Administ
Page 38 and 39: Figure 5. Computing Raw ScoresDEVAG
Page 40 and 41: complete the Scoring Summary & Prof
Page 42 and 43: Figure 7: Shanika’s Scoring Summa
Page 44 and 45: Figure 9: Alan’s Scoring Summary
Page 46 and 47: Communicating Assessment Results to
Page 48 and 49: of training and experience required
Page 50 and 51: sessions, one to three weeks apart,
Page 52 and 53: Changes were made to the translatio
Page 54 and 55: 60-65 months 183 62.4 001.8 194 62.
Page 56 and 57: Table 6. Adults and Number of Child
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Prior to selection of the criterion
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additional 409 children (19.5%; n=2
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means, standard deviations, and cor
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• Comprehension30-35 months 99 08
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Table 12b. Internal Consistency of
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Table 13b. Standard Errors of Measu
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Test-retest reliability was determi
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speaking children, 8.62% were Black
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Table 17b. Means, Standard Deviatio
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Table 18b. Zero-order Correlations
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Table 20. Correlations Between LAP-
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Table 23 depicts the means, standar
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Age Equivalent ScoresAn age equival
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ReferencesAmerican Educational Rese
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Errata for theExaminer’s Manual &
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Table A-1. Percentile Rank, NCE, t-
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Table B-2. Percentile Ranks for LAP
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Table B-10. Percentile Ranks for LA
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30-35 MONTHS 36-41 MONTHS 42-47 MON
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30-35 MONTHS 36-41 MONTHS 42-47 MON
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Table C-1. Percentile Ranks for LAP
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Table C-11. Percentile Ranks for LA
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Table C-13. Percentile Ranks for LA
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Table C-15. Percentile Ranks for To
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Table C-16. Spanish Age Equivalents
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