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Handbook of Forensic Services (pdf) - FBI

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<strong>Handbook</strong> <strong>of</strong> Forens c Serv ces 2007<br />

can assoc ate v ct ms and suspects w th each<br />

other, w th ev dence tems, or w th a cr me scene.<br />

There are two types <strong>of</strong> DNA used n forens c<br />

analyses. Nuclear DNA (nDNA) s the more<br />

d scr m nat ng <strong>of</strong> the two types and s typ cally<br />

analyzed n ev dence conta n ng blood, semen,<br />

sal va, body t ssue, and ha rs that have t ssue at<br />

the r root ends. The power <strong>of</strong> nDNA test ng done<br />

by the DNA Analys s Un t I (DNAUI) l es n ts<br />

ab l ty to potent ally dent fy an nd v dual as be ng<br />

the source <strong>of</strong> the DNA obta ned from an ev dence<br />

item to a reasonable degree <strong>of</strong> scientific certainty,<br />

as well as the definitive power <strong>of</strong> exclusion.<br />

Add t onally, where appropr ate, the DNA-typ ng<br />

results from ev dence tems ( nclud ng tems<br />

related to m ss ng persons) exam ned n the<br />

DNAUI may be uploaded nto the Comb ned DNA<br />

Index System (CODIS) database.<br />

M tochondr al DNA (mtDNA) s typ cally analyzed<br />

n ev dence conta n ng naturally shed ha rs, ha r<br />

fragments, bones, and teeth. Typ cally, these<br />

tems conta n low concentrat ons <strong>of</strong> degraded<br />

DNA, mak ng them unsu table for nDNA<br />

exam nat ons. The h gh sens t v ty <strong>of</strong> mtDNA<br />

analys s allows sc ent sts to obta n nformat on<br />

from old tems <strong>of</strong> ev dence assoc ated w th cold<br />

cases, samples from mass d sasters, and small<br />

p eces <strong>of</strong> ev dence conta n ng l ttle b olog cal<br />

34

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