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DecisionSupport 6Discussion and ApplicabilityThe review and case studies provide a number ofpractical lessons on the application of multicriteriaanalysis to adaptation. They provideuseful information on the types of adaptationproblem types where MCA might be appropriate,as well as data needs, resource requirementsand good practice.MCA has broad applicability to adaptation, andcan be applied for both project and policy levelapplications to look at alternative options orchoices.It has very broad sector applicability, though it isparticularly useful for sectors which involve nonmarketelements (e.g. biodiversity), or wherethere are important criteria for which onlyqualitative information is available. The potentialfor stakeholder inputs and their use in a decisionframework also allows application wherequantitative information is low.The review identifies that MCA is a very goodstarting point for identifying and rankingadaptation options for climate change, i.e. toselect promising options that can then besubject to more detailed appraisal.It can also be used to complement more formaleconomic analysis, i.e. to combine existingeconomic assessment of costs and benefitswithin a wider framework that allows othercriteria to be directly compared.The review identifies the importance ofstakeholder consultation and engagement, andgood practice examples highlight the importanceof expert input, and the careful choice of thecriteria.ReferencesAbramovitz J, Banuri T, Girot PO, Orlando B,Schneider N, Spanger-Siegfried E, SwitzerJ,Hammill A (2002). Adapting to climate change:natural resource management and vulnerabilityreduction. Background paper to the task forceon climate change, adaptation and vulnerablecommunities. International Institute forSustainable Development, Manitoba.De Bruin, K., R. B. Dellink, A. Ruijs, L. Bolwidt, A.Van Buuren, J. Graveland, R. S., De Groot, P. J.Kuikman, S. Reinhard, R. P. Roetter, V. C.Tassone, A. Verhagen, and E. C. Van Ierland(2009). ‘Adapting to climate change in theNetherlands: An inventory of climate adaptationoptions and ranking of alternatives’, ClimaticChange 95 (1–2), 2009, 23–45.Dodgson J, Spackman M, Pearman A, Phillips L(2000). Multi-criteria analysis manual.Department of Transport, Local Government andthe Regions, London.http://www.communities.gov.uk/archived/publications/corporate/multicriteriaanalysismanualEA (2009). TE2100 Plan Technical Report.Appendix H. Appraisal in TE2100.European Commission (2005). ImpactAssessment Guidelines. European CommissionSEC(2005) 791. July 2005.IPCC (2007). Climate change 2007: impacts,adaptation and vulnerability. Summary forpolicymakers, working group II contribution tothe intergovernmental panel on climate change,fourth assessment report.Janssen, R. and M. Herwijnen (2006). ‘A toolboxfor multicriteria decision-making’, InternationalJournal of Environmental Technology andManagement 6 (1), 2006, 20–39Keeney RL, Raiffa H (1976). Decisions withmultiple objectives: preferences and valuetradeoffs.Wiley, New YorkKNMI (2006). Climate in the 21st century, fourscenarios for the Netherlands, Royal NetherlandsMeteorological Institute, 2006, De Bilt, theNetherlands.Lemmen DS, Warren FJ, Lacroix J, Bush E (eds)(2008) From impacts to adaptation: Canada in achanging climate 2007. Government of Canada,Ottawa, ON, p 448Metroeconomica (2004). Costing the impacts ofclimate change in the UK: overview of guidelines.UKCIP technical report. UKCIP, OxfordVan Ierland EC, de Bruin K, Dellink RB, Ruijs A(eds) (2007). A qualitative assessment of climateadaptation options and some estimates ofadaptation costs. Reports on the Routeplannerprojects 3, 4 and 5 (Routeplanner deelprojecten8