The Condition of Postmodernity 13 - autonomous learning

More documents

Recommendations

Info

174 Political-economic capitalist transformationTable 2.6The new capitalism according to HalalThe old capitalism(Industrial paradigm)The new capitalism(Post-industrialparadigm)Frontier of progress hani growth smart growthOrganization mechanistic structure market networksDecision-makingauthoritariancommandparticipative leadershipInstitutional values financial goals multiple goalsManagement focus operational strategic managementmanagementEconomic macro- profit-centered big democratic freesystem business enterpriseWorld system capitalism hybrids ofversus socialism capitalism andsocialismSource: Halal, 1986labour process while appreciating how the regime of accumulationand its modes of regulation have shifted. In each case, of course, theopposition is used as a didactic tool to emphasize the differencesrather than the continuities, and none of the authors argue thatmatters are anywhere near as cut and dried as these schemas suggest.The schemas indicate, however, some overlaps but also some differenceswhich are instructive, since they suggest rather different mechanismsof causation. Halal appears closer to Schumpeter's theory ofentrepreneurial innovation as the driving force of capitalism, andtends to interpret Fordism and Keynesianism as an unfortunate interludein capitalist progress. Lash and Urry see the evolution in partas the collapse of the material conditions for a powerful collectiveworking-class politics, and attempt to probe the economic, cultural,and political roots of that collapse. By the very use of the terms'organized' and 'disorganized' to characterize the transition, theyemphasize more the disintegration than the coherence of contemporarycapitalism, and therefore avoid confronting the possibility of a tran-Table 2.7Contrast between organized and disorganized capitalismaccording to Lash and UrryOrganized capitalismconcentration and centralization ofindustrial banking, andcommercial capital in regulatednational marketsincreasing separation of ownershipfrom control and emergence ofcomplex managerial hierarchiesgrowth of new sectors ofmanagerial, scientific,technological intelligentsia and ofmiddle-class bureaucracygrowth of collective organizationsand bargaining within regions andnation statesclose articulation of state and largemonopoly capital interests and riseof class-based welfare statismexpansion of economic empiresand control of overseas productionand marketsincorporation of diverse classinterests within a national agendaset through negotiatedcompromises and bureaucraticregulationDisorganized capitalismde-concentration of rapidlyincreasing corporate power awayfrom national markets. Increasinginternationalization of capital andin some cases separation ofindustrial from bank capitalcontinued expansion of managerialstrata articulating their ownindividual and political agendasquite distinct from class politicsrelative/ absolute decline in bluecollarworking classdecline in effectiveness of nationalcollective bargainingincreasing independence of largemonopolies from state regulationand diverse challenges tocentralized state bureaucracy andpowerindustrialization of third worldand competitive deindustrializationof core countrieswhich turn to specialization inserVIcesoutright decline of class-basedpolitics and institutions
176 Political-economic capitalist transformationTable 2.7 cont.Organized capitalism Disorganized capitalismhegemony of technical- scientific cultural fragmentation andrationalitypluralism coupled withundermining of traditional class ornational identitiesconcentration of capitalistdispersal of capitalist relationsrelations within relatively few across many sectors and regionsindustries and regionsextractive-manufacturingdecline of extractivemanufacturingindustries and riseindustries dominant sources ofemploymentof organizational and serviceindustriesTable 2.8Fordist production(based on economies of scale)Contrast between Fordism and flexible accumulationaccording to SwyngedouwAmass production of homogeneousgoodsuniformity and standardizationlarge buffer stocks and inventorytesting quality ex-post (rejects anderrors detected late)] ust-in-time production(based on economies of scope)THE PRODUCTION PROCESSsmall batch productionflexible and small batch productionof a variety of product typesno stocksquality control part of process(immediate detection of errors)strong regional concentration andspecialization in extractivemanufacturingsectorssearch for economies of scalethrough increasing plant (workforce)sizegrowth of large industrial citiesdominating regions throughprovision of centralized services(commercial and financial)cultural-ideological configurationof 'modernism'dispersal, diversification of theterritorial- spatial division oflabourdecline in plant size throughgeographical dispersal, increasedsub-contracting, global productionsystemsdecline of industrial cities anddeconcentration from city centresinto peripheral or semi-rural areasresulting in acute inner cityproblemscultural-ideological configurationsof 'postmodernism'rejects are concealed in bufferstocksloss of production time because oflong set-up times, defective parts,inventory bottlenecks, etc.resource drivenvertical and (in some cases)horizontal integrationcost reductions through wagecontrolsingle task performance by workerBimmediate reject of defective partsreduction of lost time, diminishing'the porosity of the working day'demand driven(quasi -) vertical integration subcontractinglearning-by-doing integrated inlong-term planningLABOURmultiple tasksSource: after Lash and Urry (1987)sit ion in the regime of accumulation. Swyngedouw, on the otherhand, by emphasizing changes in the mode of production and ofindustrial organization, locates the transition in the mainstream ofMarxian political economy while clearly accepting the regulationschool's language.I am more partial to Swyngedouw's interpretation. But if thelanguage of the regulation school has survived better than most, it is,I suspect, because of its rather more pragmatic orientation. There is,payment per rate (based on jobdesign criteria)high degree of job specializationno or only little on the jobtrainingvertical labour organizationno Jearning experiencepersonal payment (detailed bonussystem)elimination of job demarcationlong on the job trainingmore horizontal labourorganizationon the job learning
Page 1:
The Conditionof PostmodernityAn Enq
Page 4:
PrefaceI cannot remember exactly wh
Page 7 and 8:
Introduction 5theatre, a series of
Page 9 and 10:
8 The passage from modernity to pos
Page 11 and 12:
12 The passage from modernity to po
Page 13 and 14:
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
24The passage from modernity to pos
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42: 72 The passage from modernity to po
Page 47 and 48: Postmodernism in the city 85Here we
Page 55 and 56: 100 The passage from modernity to p
Page 65 and 66: 7IntroductionIf there has been some
Page 67 and 68: 124 Political-economic capitalist t
Page 77 and 78: From Fordism to flexible accumulati
Page 79 and 80: 12 10Ql+-'l:'+-' 8CQlE>E 6Cl.EQlC4Q
Page 81 and 82: 152 political-economic capitalist t
Page 91: 172 Political-economic capitalist t
Page 105 and 106: 12IntroductionMarshall Berman (1982
Page 107 and 108: 204 The experience of space and tim
Page 111 and 112: 212tThe experience of space and tim
Page 115 and 116: Table 3.1 A 'grid' of spatial pract
Page 117 and 118: TypeEnduringtimeDeceptivetimeErrati
Page 119 and 120: I228 The experience of space and ti
Page 125 and 126: 15The time and space of theEnlighte
Page 129 and 130: Plate 3 5 Dynasty versus the map: t
Page 133 and 134: Time and space of the Enlightenment
Page 135 and 136: The rise of modernism as a cultural
Page 143 and 144:
276 The experience of space and tim
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
17Time-space compresson and thepost
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
18Time and space In the postmodernC
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Page 167 and 168:
Part IVThe condition of postmoderni
Page 169 and 170:
328 The condition of postmodernityw
Page 171 and 172:
332 The condition of postmodernityC
Page 173 and 174:
21Postmodernism as the mIrror ofmIr
Page 175 and 176:
Table 4.1 Fordist modernity versus
Page 177 and 178:
344 The condition of postmodernityN
Page 179 and 180:
348 The condition of postmodernityc
Page 181 and 182:
352 The condition 0/ postmodernityf
Page 183 and 184:
27Cracks in the mIrrors, fusions at
Page 185 and 186:
ReferencesAglietta, M. (1979): A th
Page 187 and 188:
364 ReferencesJacobs, J. (1961): Th
Page 189 and 190:
Index 369Adorno, T. 13Aglietta, M.
Page 191 and 192:
372IndexSoja, E. 284Sorel, G. 34Spe
Page 193 and 194:
376IndexIndex 377jouissance 57-8, 9
show all

The Condition of Postmodernity 13 - autonomous learning

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?