Deepening Integration in SADC - Fes-botswana.org

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Preface Regional integration can be a key force for sustainable development. It can promote economic growth, reduce poverty, foster social development or protect the environment. But it can also have negative economic and social impacts, notably when the domestic regulatory framework is inadequate or not implemented effectively. The Southern African Development Community, SADC is committed to deepening the integration processes amongst its members and has adopted the Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP) in order to provide strategic direction in the design and formulation of SADC programmes, projects and activities in order to achieve development and economic growth, alleviate poverty, enhance the standard and quality of life of the people of Southern Africa and support the socially disadvantaged, through regional integration. Amongst the various measures governments can implement to further such integration, ensuring sound macroeconomic management is vital. Given the commitment to deepening SADC integration through macroeconomic policies, it is important that policy makers in SADC and its Member States assess the impacts that such measures will have on the social well-being of its people, both in the short term and the long term. In view of the above, the Friedrich Ebert Foundation through its office in Botswana and in close consultation with the Planning Unit of the SADC Secretariat initiated a regional research programme on “Deepening Integration in SADC – Macroeconomic Policies and their Impact”. From the very beginning the programme was designed as a collective effort of the leading economic research institutions of the region. A total of 14 institutes from 11 SADC member countries followed the call to join the programme. In two workshops held in December 2004 in Gaborone, Botswana and in April 2005 in Stellenbosch, South Africa the team developed detailed terms of reference for the research programme. Phase 1 was to begin at the country level with a comprehensive study on the present status of the economies, their congruence with SADC convergence targets, the respective policy frameworks as well as a social impact analysis. This more theoretical desk study was complemented by an empirical survey of the perceptions of Businesses and Non-State Actors vis-a-vis SADC. A study on 3
South Africa’s international trade diplomacy and its implications for regional integration was to give a contextual perspective. All members of the research team have spent a lot of time and energy and produced excellent reports. The ideas and recommendations contained therein have induced some lively as well as controversial discussion among the participating institutions as well as with other experts. The content of each study reflects of course solely the views of the authors. I commend all of them for their great commitment as well as their great team spirit in this endeavour. I also wish to acknowledge the substantial input we received from the SADC Secretariat, especially the Head of the Strategic Planning Unit, Dr. Angelo E. Mondlane, the then Technical Advisor on Finance, Dr. Moeketsi Senaoana as well as other SADC experts. Other external experts have also contributed to the final documents as part of the various reference group meetings in all the participating countries. I wish to extend my greatest thanks to all them. In order to make the results of this research programme known to a broader public, especially among the relevant policy and decision makers of the SADC region, the Friedrich Ebert Foundation then decided to publish a series of volumes entitled “Regional Integration in Southern Africa”. The 2nd volume, presented here, contains the findings of the Country Study and Survey from Mozambique by the Investment Promotion Centre, IPC in Mozambique. My special thanks go to the authors, to Lourenço S. Sambo and Adriano Ubisse for writing and revising the document, to Patrick Ebewo for editing, Sara Wagner for proof reading as well as to Peter Maina Kamiti and MacDonald Gotora for the design and layout. Gaborone, October 2006 Dr. Marc Meinardus Resident Representative Friedrich Ebert Foundation Botswana Office 4
Page 1 and 2: Regional Integration in Southern Af
Page 3: 2 Impressum Published by Friedrich
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Preface..........
Page 9 and 10: 10 10 Concluding Concluding Remarks
Page 11 and 12: List of Tables Table 1: SADC Countr
Page 13 and 14: List of Abbreviations ACP Africa Ca
Page 15 and 16: SQAM Standards, Quality, Acreditati
Page 17 and 18: five-year period. The Government Pr
Page 19 and 20: Despite these substantial achieveme
Page 21 and 22: Labour Market Policy Framework In v
Page 23 and 24: This made it possible to bring down
Page 25 and 26: Domestic Domestic Savings Savings (
Page 27 and 28: Net Net Net Primar Primary Primar P
Page 29 and 30: Gender Gender Equality Equality and
Page 31 and 32: Lack Lack of of Economic Economic D
Page 33 and 34: The SADC ambitious goals and object
Page 35 and 36: Assegurar o desenvolvimento económ
Page 37 and 38: população vivendo abaixo da linha
Page 39 and 40: objectivos da integração regional
Page 41 and 42: linha com os compromissos assumidos
Page 44 and 45: 1 Introduction O n 25 June 1975, Mo
Page 46 and 47: 2 RISDP Goals and Objectives 2.1 Po
Page 48 and 49: 3. To ensure equitable and sustaina
Page 50: implementation of the Trade Protoco
Page 53 and 54: Liberalising exchange controls on c
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products will be duty-free tradable
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4 Macroeconomic Stability Indicator
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4.3 Current Account The SADC overal
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As illustrated in Table 5.5, in 199
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Keeping inflation at low and stable
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We will focus our analyses on the m
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Central Bank resources as one of th
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Table able 9: 9: Mozambique Mozambi
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Still in the context of fiscal poli
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Additionally, among the variables t
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5.4 Macroeconomic Convergence Probl
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tend to increase ownership of long
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Despite this structure of the econo
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Figur Figure Figur e 2: 2: Composit
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Figur Figure Figur e 4: 4: Mozambiq
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Table 14 presents GDP growth rates
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Table able 16: 16: Gover Government
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Mozambique has made remarkable prog
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Real exchange rates may change due
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infrastructure will improve, the wo
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products only beginning this year (
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"two stage" transformation nature.
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Table able 19: 19: Partner Partner
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As for imports, the use by our impo
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force behind the build up of debt.
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AGOA African Growth and Opportunity
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kinds, which kept goods produced in
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egarded as the prime suspects for t
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6.16 Impact of WTO Rules The open-e
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Creating structures to facilitate t
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6.18 Analysis of Labour Market Tren
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Table able 23: 23: Companies Compan
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With the operationalisation of vari
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Cost-benefit analysis could help th
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GNP per Capita/GNI per Capita (in U
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7.1 Analytical Tools Used for Socia
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The main challenges in the fight ag
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High education costs (despite the a
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Eskom and EDM (Mozambique Power Gen
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lowest HDI (0.379). This low level
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agricultural products leave conside
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side deficiencies, such as poor lev
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Where L represents labour allocatio
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Import penetration in this sector i
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ability to import duty free. A comp
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ates have been declining in real te
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progress and reforms might be neces
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may also occur when there is displa
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Static gains tend to focus on the i
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Constitution making, democratic ele
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monetary policies, financial market
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To meet SADC requirements and sell
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Mozambique (2004). Removing Obstacl
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List of Tables Table 1: Type of Bus
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Table 48: % Have You Attended Works
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60% of Non-State Actors are from Ci
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In general the survey allows an ana
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actividade, são muito favoráveis.
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A constituição de parcerias entre
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Data Collections To facilitate the
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62.5% of the companies inquired and
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while four of those strengthen slig
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producers, only answers from Busine
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The regional integration in SADC wi
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Figur Figure Figur e 3 3 -T -Type -
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Table able 5 5 -T -Type -T ype of o
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Table able able 10 10 10 - - Shar S
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Table able 14 14 - - % % of of Main
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Table able 26 26 - - Annual Annual
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Table able 32 32 - - T TType T ype
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Table able 38 38 - - Par Par Partic
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Table able able 42 42 - - % % If If
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Table able 44 44 - - % % Most Most
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Table able 47 47 - - % % Is Is Regi
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216 Copies of this publication can
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