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Mozambique has been showing impressive positive results in the last decade, from a war economy to a prosperous economy, with high growth rates averaging 6.6 in the last 6 years (1999 - 2004). Excluding the effects of the 2000 floods, which resulted in growth declining to 1.9 %, the economy grew by about 8.5% in that period. A combination of several factors, including political stability, economic reforms, steady foreign investment flows, and the gradual integration in regional markets, without ignoring the role of international community support, had an important role in the high economic growth rates recorded in recent years (DTIS 2004). Undoubtedly the country has been recording remarkable improvements in various areas, such as macroeconomic management, through which it achieved significant levels of macroeconomic stability, with inflation declining from about 53% in 1995 to sustainable levels in recent years. (12% average in the last five years, 9.1% in 2004) (Table 9). Despite these substantial achievements, Mozambique is still one of the world's poorest countries, with about 54.1% of its population living below the poverty line. About 37.9% of the population lives on USD 1 per day, and 78.4% with less than USD 2.00 per day. 2 GDP per capita stands at about USD 240 being therefore among the poorest, occupying the 171st place in a group of 177 countries in the ranking of the Human Development Index. (UNDP 2005). Fiscal Policy: The policies aimed at increasing internal revenue were adopted in the last 10 years, through tax base enlargement, reduction of tax rates, introduction of value added tax, review of the code of fiscal benefits (2002), reforms in direct taxes, with the introduction of IRPS and IRPC. These reforms have been accompanied by the modernisation of the fiscal administration, which should culminate in the establishment of the Central Revenue Authority of Mozambique. In 2004, the Government introduced the single tax-identification number (NUIT), which allows better control of revenues from collective and singular persons. 71
Still in the context of fiscal policies, precisely in public finance, the reforms should contribute to: A gradual increase in the level of internal revenues; A simplification and consolidation of the tax system; An adoption of measures aimed at widening the tax base; A continuation of the modernisation of tax administration; An increase of transparency in the region and utilisation of public funds; A continuation of the implementation of the national debt strategy, aimed at a long term and sustainable indebtedness; A continued allocation of most resources to key selected areas in PARPA; An adoption of a new public procurement regime. Trade Policy: Mozambique's external trade policies are designed to create an environment conducive to promoting its products in international markets, especially those of the developed countries of Europe, America, and Asia without prejudice to the promotion of intra- African trade. Trade policies are formulated with a view to speeding up Mozambique's industrialisation process, and in such a way as to make access to foreign markets easier for Mozambican products. In pursuing these objectives, Mozambique has entered into multilateral, regional, bilateral and preferential trade agreements as mentioned below. Mozambique is a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Cotonou Agreement and Southern Africa Development Community (SADC). Mozambique has signed bilateral trade agreements with Malawi and Zimbabwe, and a Trade and Investment Framework Agreement with the United States of America. The trade policy reforms in Mozambique include a progressive reduction of taxes on international trade, reduction of barriers to imports and exports of goods and services. In 2002, a new customs tariff schedule was introduced. In 1997, Mozambique signed a contract with Crown Agents, which enabled the modernisation of the Mozambican customs services, Direccao-Geral das Alfândegas, with IT and highly qualified personnel. Alfândegas is 72
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Regional Integration in Southern Af
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2 Impressum Published by Friedrich
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South Africa’s international trad
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Table of Contents Preface..........
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10 10 Concluding Concluding Remarks
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List of Tables Table 1: SADC Countr
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List of Abbreviations ACP Africa Ca
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SQAM Standards, Quality, Acreditati
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five-year period. The Government Pr
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Despite these substantial achieveme
Page 21 and 22: Labour Market Policy Framework In v
Page 23 and 24: This made it possible to bring down
Page 25 and 26: Domestic Domestic Savings Savings (
Page 27 and 28: Net Net Net Primar Primary Primar P
Page 29 and 30: Gender Gender Equality Equality and
Page 31 and 32: Lack Lack of of Economic Economic D
Page 33 and 34: The SADC ambitious goals and object
Page 35 and 36: Assegurar o desenvolvimento económ
Page 37 and 38: população vivendo abaixo da linha
Page 39 and 40: objectivos da integração regional
Page 41 and 42: linha com os compromissos assumidos
Page 44 and 45: 1 Introduction O n 25 June 1975, Mo
Page 46 and 47: 2 RISDP Goals and Objectives 2.1 Po
Page 48 and 49: 3. To ensure equitable and sustaina
Page 50: implementation of the Trade Protoco
Page 53 and 54: Liberalising exchange controls on c
Page 55 and 56: products will be duty-free tradable
Page 58 and 59: 4 Macroeconomic Stability Indicator
Page 60 and 61: 4.3 Current Account The SADC overal
Page 62: As illustrated in Table 5.5, in 199
Page 65 and 66: Keeping inflation at low and stable
Page 67 and 68: We will focus our analyses on the m
Page 69 and 70: Central Bank resources as one of th
Page 71: Table able 9: 9: Mozambique Mozambi
Page 75 and 76: Additionally, among the variables t
Page 77 and 78: 5.4 Macroeconomic Convergence Probl
Page 79 and 80: tend to increase ownership of long
Page 81 and 82: Despite this structure of the econo
Page 83 and 84: Figur Figure Figur e 2: 2: Composit
Page 85 and 86: Figur Figure Figur e 4: 4: Mozambiq
Page 87 and 88: Table 14 presents GDP growth rates
Page 89 and 90: Table able 16: 16: Gover Government
Page 91 and 92: Mozambique has made remarkable prog
Page 93 and 94: Real exchange rates may change due
Page 95 and 96: infrastructure will improve, the wo
Page 97 and 98: products only beginning this year (
Page 99 and 100: "two stage" transformation nature.
Page 101 and 102: Table able 19: 19: Partner Partner
Page 103 and 104: As for imports, the use by our impo
Page 105 and 106: force behind the build up of debt.
Page 107 and 108: AGOA African Growth and Opportunity
Page 109 and 110: kinds, which kept goods produced in
Page 111 and 112: egarded as the prime suspects for t
Page 113 and 114: 6.16 Impact of WTO Rules The open-e
Page 115 and 116: Creating structures to facilitate t
Page 117 and 118: 6.18 Analysis of Labour Market Tren
Page 119 and 120: Table able 23: 23: Companies Compan
Page 121 and 122: With the operationalisation of vari
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Cost-benefit analysis could help th
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GNP per Capita/GNI per Capita (in U
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7.1 Analytical Tools Used for Socia
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The main challenges in the fight ag
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High education costs (despite the a
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Eskom and EDM (Mozambique Power Gen
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lowest HDI (0.379). This low level
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agricultural products leave conside
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side deficiencies, such as poor lev
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Where L represents labour allocatio
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Import penetration in this sector i
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ability to import duty free. A comp
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ates have been declining in real te
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progress and reforms might be neces
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may also occur when there is displa
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Static gains tend to focus on the i
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Constitution making, democratic ele
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monetary policies, financial market
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To meet SADC requirements and sell
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Mozambique (2004). Removing Obstacl
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List of Tables Table 1: Type of Bus
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Table 48: % Have You Attended Works
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60% of Non-State Actors are from Ci
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In general the survey allows an ana
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actividade, são muito favoráveis.
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A constituição de parcerias entre
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Data Collections To facilitate the
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62.5% of the companies inquired and
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while four of those strengthen slig
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producers, only answers from Busine
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The regional integration in SADC wi
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Figur Figure Figur e 3 3 -T -Type -
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Table able 5 5 -T -Type -T ype of o
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Table able able 10 10 10 - - Shar S
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Table able 14 14 - - % % of of Main
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Table able 26 26 - - Annual Annual
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Table able 32 32 - - T TType T ype
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Table able 38 38 - - Par Par Partic
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Table able able 42 42 - - % % If If
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Table able 44 44 - - % % Most Most
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Table able 47 47 - - % % Is Is Regi
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216 Copies of this publication can
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