Deepening Integration in SADC - Fes-botswana.org

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3. To ensure equitable and sustainable use of environment and natural resources for the benefit of present and future generations. These three goals constitute one agenda for action. None is achievable without the other and they are not also achievable without significant changes in international trade and macroeconomic policies. Without more equitable international economic arrangements, most developing countries in and outside the SADC region have limited scope and little hope for achieving economic, social and environmental sustainability. In 2002, SADC's combined GDP was 226.1 billion, and average per capita income was about USD 1000 per annum. South Africa accounts for approximately three quarters of total SADC's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and approximately one third of the total SADC population. Most of SADC countries are small and endowed with natural resources, particularly mineral resources, agricultural, sea and marine resources and wildlife. Excluding Madagascar. Table 1 provides basic economic data for the SADC countries. Table able 1: 1: SADC SADC Countries Countries Basic Basic Data Data Member Member State State Pop Pop DGP DGP DGP per per GDP GDP per per per Imports Imports Exports Exports 1. Angola 14.0 9,757 700 3,07 5,96 2. Botswana 1.74 6,5 2,796 2,27 2,89 3. DRC 54.9 5,278 96 0,786 1,158 4. Lesotho 2.24 0,79 366 0,97 0,04 5. Malawi 11.2 2,277 198 0,596 0,371 6. Mauritius 1.2 4,831 3,933 3,064 3,165 7. Mozambique 18.1 3,492 193 1,374 0,845 8. Namibia 1.9 2,82 1,667 1,32 1,28 9. S. Africa 45.4 159,9 3,452 42,2 45,1 10. Swaziland 1.06 1,22 1,109 0,93 0,82 11. Tanzania 33.6 9,74 266 1,93 1,68 12. Zambia 10.4 4,34 392 1,6 1 13. Zimbabwe 11.6 22,0 1,891 2,32 2 Source: SADC Secretariat, 2002 47
2.3 Free Trade Area and Custom Union SADC is implementing a Protocol on Trade Exchanges, which will lead to a Free Trade Area by 2008. To this effect, it is imperative that SADC rapidly develops a regulated, predictable and applausive trade and financial system. RISDP considers the liberalisation of trade as key to a deeper regional integration and eradication of poverty. It is important to note the existence in the SADC region of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU4 ), which is benefiting from the Trade and Development Cooperation Agreement between South Africa and the European Union, and that some SADC member states are part of the Common Market of East and Southern Africa (COMESA5 ). The negotiations towards the creation of the SADC Customs Union are expected to be concluded by 2010. To clear the way for a Customs Union within SADC, the issue of multiple affiliations of some member countries must be addressed. Multiple memberships to different economic integration organisations, and the proliferation of Free Trade Areas - the majority of which at bilateral or even more limited - are beginning to cause increasing concerns in different organisations, including the African Union. 2.4 Common Market and Monetary Union From a population of about 60 million in 1980 when the organisation was formed as the Southern Africa Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), the market has now raised more than 200 million consumers. The sharp increase in population is attributed to natural growth, as well as new member states that have joined over the years increasing from 9 founding nations to the present 14 Member States. The establishment of a free market area and of a customs union are some of the essential conditions for the SADC common market. Negotiations around these issues are expected to be concluded in 2015, which would mean a common external tariff and ultimately a common currency in 2016. However, all this will depend on the successful 4 SACU: - South Africa, Namibia, Lesotho, Swaziland and Botswhana 5 COMESA: Burundi, Comores, Djibuti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Quenia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Ruanda, Seycheles, D. R. Congo, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe 48
Page 1 and 2: Regional Integration in Southern Af
Page 3 and 4: 2 Impressum Published by Friedrich
Page 5 and 6: South Africa’s international trad
Page 7 and 8: Table of Contents Preface..........
Page 9 and 10: 10 10 Concluding Concluding Remarks
Page 11 and 12: List of Tables Table 1: SADC Countr
Page 13 and 14: List of Abbreviations ACP Africa Ca
Page 15 and 16: SQAM Standards, Quality, Acreditati
Page 17 and 18: five-year period. The Government Pr
Page 19 and 20: Despite these substantial achieveme
Page 21 and 22: Labour Market Policy Framework In v
Page 23 and 24: This made it possible to bring down
Page 25 and 26: Domestic Domestic Savings Savings (
Page 27 and 28: Net Net Net Primar Primary Primar P
Page 29 and 30: Gender Gender Equality Equality and
Page 31 and 32: Lack Lack of of Economic Economic D
Page 33 and 34: The SADC ambitious goals and object
Page 35 and 36: Assegurar o desenvolvimento económ
Page 37 and 38: população vivendo abaixo da linha
Page 39 and 40: objectivos da integração regional
Page 41 and 42: linha com os compromissos assumidos
Page 44 and 45: 1 Introduction O n 25 June 1975, Mo
Page 46 and 47: 2 RISDP Goals and Objectives 2.1 Po
Page 50: implementation of the Trade Protoco
Page 53 and 54: Liberalising exchange controls on c
Page 55 and 56: products will be duty-free tradable
Page 58 and 59: 4 Macroeconomic Stability Indicator
Page 60 and 61: 4.3 Current Account The SADC overal
Page 62: As illustrated in Table 5.5, in 199
Page 65 and 66: Keeping inflation at low and stable
Page 67 and 68: We will focus our analyses on the m
Page 69 and 70: Central Bank resources as one of th
Page 71 and 72: Table able 9: 9: Mozambique Mozambi
Page 73 and 74: Still in the context of fiscal poli
Page 75 and 76: Additionally, among the variables t
Page 77 and 78: 5.4 Macroeconomic Convergence Probl
Page 79 and 80: tend to increase ownership of long
Page 81 and 82: Despite this structure of the econo
Page 83 and 84: Figur Figure Figur e 2: 2: Composit
Page 85 and 86: Figur Figure Figur e 4: 4: Mozambiq
Page 87 and 88: Table 14 presents GDP growth rates
Page 89 and 90: Table able 16: 16: Gover Government
Page 91 and 92: Mozambique has made remarkable prog
Page 93 and 94: Real exchange rates may change due
Page 95 and 96: infrastructure will improve, the wo
Page 97 and 98: products only beginning this year (
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"two stage" transformation nature.
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Table able 19: 19: Partner Partner
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As for imports, the use by our impo
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force behind the build up of debt.
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AGOA African Growth and Opportunity
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kinds, which kept goods produced in
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egarded as the prime suspects for t
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6.16 Impact of WTO Rules The open-e
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Creating structures to facilitate t
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6.18 Analysis of Labour Market Tren
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Table able 23: 23: Companies Compan
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With the operationalisation of vari
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Cost-benefit analysis could help th
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GNP per Capita/GNI per Capita (in U
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7.1 Analytical Tools Used for Socia
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The main challenges in the fight ag
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High education costs (despite the a
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Eskom and EDM (Mozambique Power Gen
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lowest HDI (0.379). This low level
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agricultural products leave conside
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side deficiencies, such as poor lev
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Where L represents labour allocatio
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Import penetration in this sector i
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ability to import duty free. A comp
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ates have been declining in real te
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progress and reforms might be neces
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may also occur when there is displa
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Static gains tend to focus on the i
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Constitution making, democratic ele
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monetary policies, financial market
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To meet SADC requirements and sell
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Mozambique (2004). Removing Obstacl
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List of Tables Table 1: Type of Bus
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Table 48: % Have You Attended Works
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60% of Non-State Actors are from Ci
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In general the survey allows an ana
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actividade, são muito favoráveis.
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A constituição de parcerias entre
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Data Collections To facilitate the
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62.5% of the companies inquired and
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while four of those strengthen slig
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producers, only answers from Busine
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The regional integration in SADC wi
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Figur Figure Figur e 3 3 -T -Type -
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Table able 5 5 -T -Type -T ype of o
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Table able able 10 10 10 - - Shar S
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Table able 14 14 - - % % of of Main
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Table able 26 26 - - Annual Annual
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Table able 32 32 - - T TType T ype
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Table able 38 38 - - Par Par Partic
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Table able able 42 42 - - % % If If
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Table able 44 44 - - % % Most Most
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Table able 47 47 - - % % Is Is Regi
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216 Copies of this publication can
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