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with any certainty. Megalosaurus bucklandiioccupies an uncertain systematic position but isnot an abelisaurid or coelophysoid. Additionally,it does not possess the diagnostic dentary charactersthat are present in all known spinosauroids.Owing to this uncertainty, use of the familyMegalosauridae should be discontinued untilsuch time as its systematic position becomesclearer.2008040456中 国 辽 宁 省 一 新 翼 龙 及 翼 龙 类 的 系 统 发 育 和颈 椎 骨 的 趋 同 演 化 = A new Pterosaur from theLiaoning Province of China, the phylogeny ofthe Pterodactyloidea, and convergence in theircervical vertebrae. ( 英 文 ). Andres B; Ji Qiang.Palaeontology, 2008, 51(2): 453-469The largest known flying organisms are theazhdarchid pterosaurs, a pterodactyloid cladepreviously diagnosed by the characters of theirextremely elongate middle-series cervical vertebrae.The named species of the Azhdarchidae arefrom the Late Cretaceous. However, isolatedmid-cervical vertebrae with similar dimensionsand characters have been referred to this groupthat date back to the Late Jurassic, implying analmost 60 million year gap in the fossil record ofthis group and an unrecorded radiation in theJurassic of all the major clades of the Pterodactyloidea.A new pterosaur from the Early Cretaceousof Liaoning Province of China, Elanodactylusprolatus gen. et sp. nov., is described withmid-cervical vertebrae that bear these azhdarchidcharacters but has other postcranial material thatare distinct from the members of this group.Phylogenetic analysis of the new species and thePterodactyloidea places it with the Late Jurassicvertebrae in the Late Jurassic–Early CretaceousCtenochasmatidae and reveals that the charactersof the elongate azhdarchid vertebrae appearedindependently in both groups. These results arerealized though the large taxon sampling in theanalysis demonstrating that the homoplasticcharacter states present in these two taxa wereacquired in a different order in their respectivelineages. Some of these homoplastic characterswere previously thought to appear once in thehistory of pterosaurs and may be correlated tothe extension of the neck regions in both groups.Because the homoplastic character states in theAzhdarchidae and Ctenochasmatidae are limitedto the mid-cervical vertebrae, these states aretermed convergent based on a definition of theterm in a phylogenetic context. A number ofnovel results from the analysis presented producea reorganization in the different species andtaxa of the Pterodactyloidea.2008040457加 拿 大 北 极 群 岛 Melville 岛 新 的 侏 罗 纪 上 龙化 石 = A new Jurassic pliosaur from MelvilleIsland, Canadian Arctic Archipelago. ( 英 文 ).Sato T; Wu Xiao-chun. Canadian Journal ofEarth Sciences, 2008, 45(3): 303-320A partial skeleton of a plesiosaur (Reptilia:Sauropterygia) from the Hiccles Cove Formation(Middle Jurassic: Callovian) of Melville Island,Canadian Arctic Archipelago, is the first marinereptile fossil with well-preserved skull from theCanadian Arctic and represents a new genus andspecies of Rhomaleosauridae (Borealonectesrusselli). The Rhomaleosauridae are a problematicgroup, and a review of the current status ofincluded taxa is given prior to the description ofthe Canadian material. The holotype and onlyknown specimen of the new species consists ofthe skull, anterior cervicals, and right forelimb.The new taxon is characterized by the large prefrontaland the configuration of the postorbitalbar in which the postfrontal is excluded from thesupratemporal fenestra; these are potentiallyunique features among rhomaleosaurids. It exhibitsa combination of primitive and derivedcharacteristics that are variable amongrhomaleosaurids, such as the absence of the dorsomedianforamen and anterior pterygoid vacuityon the palate, and the presence of straightshaft of humerus. The occurrence of this specimensuggests a global distribution ofrhomaleosaurids, and it is also significant as oneof the few Jurassic plesiosaurs known fromNorth America.2008040458加 拿 大 不 列 颠 哥 伦 比 亚 中 北 部 Sustut 盆 地 一鸟 臀 类 恐 龙 = An ornithischian dinosaur fromthe Sustut Basin, north-central British Columbia,Canada. ( 英 文 ). Graves M C; Arbour V M. CanadianJournal of Earth Sciences, 2008, 45(4):457-463Dinosaur bones were discovered in 1971 duringuranium exploration in the Sustut Basin,northern British Columbia, Canada. These boneshave more recently been prepared and describedand represent an indeterminate cerapodan dinosaur.Although dinosaur bones have been reportedfrom British Columbia before now, thisspecimen represents their earliest recorded discoveryfrom the province. The bones were collectedfrom loose blocks in a talus slope, nearthe intersection of Birdflat Creek and the SustutRiver. They are encased in hard siltstone thatshares characteristics with adjacent outcrops ofthe Upper Cretaceous Brothers Peak Formation.Bones collected include the right humerus, rightradius, the distal portion of the right tibia andfibula, two right pedal phalanges, including twounguals, and several unidentifiable fragments.139