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adiocarbon dating the arrival of the Pacific rat.Radiocarbon dates on distinctive rat-gnawedseeds and rat bones show that the Pacific rat wasintroduced to both main islands of New Zealand≈1280 A.D., a millennium later than previouslyassumed. This matches with the earliest-datedarchaeological sites, human-induced faunal extinctions,and deforestation, implying there wasno long period of invisibility in either the archaeologicalor palaeoecological records.历 史 地 质 学 、 地 层 学综 论2008040492加 拿 大 不 列 颠 哥 伦 比 亚 中 部 石 炭 纪 至 侏 罗 纪Cache Creek 地 体 生 物 地 层 和 生 物 地 理 控 制 =Biostratigraphic and biogeographic constraintson the Carboniferous to Jurassic Cache CreekTerrane in central British Columbia. ( 英 文 ). OrchardM J; Cordey F; Rui Lin; Bamber E W;Mamet B; Struik L C; Sano H; Taylor H J. CanadianJournal of Earth Sciences, 2001, 38(4):551-578Conodonts, radiolarians, foraminiferids, andcorals provide constraints on the geology andtectonics of the Nechako region. They also supportthe notion that the Cache Creek Terrane isallochthonous with respect to the North Americancraton. The 177 conodont collections, assignedto 20 faunas, range in age from Bashkirian(Late Carboniferous) to Norian (Late Triassic);70 radiolarian collections representing 12zones range from Gzhelian (Late Carboniferous)to Toarcian (Early Jurassic); 335 collections assignedto 11 fusulinacean assemblages (withassociated foram-algal associations) range fromBashkirian to Wordian (Middle Permian); andtwo coral faunas are of Bashkirian and Wordianage. The fossils document a long but sporadichistory of sedimentary events within the CacheCreek Complex that included two major carbonatebuildups in the Late Carboniferous (Popelimestone) and Middle Permian (Copley limestone),punctuated by intervening Early Permiandeepening; basaltic eruptions during the midCarboniferous and mid Permian; the onset ofoceanic chert sedimentation close to the Carboniferous–Permianboundary and its persistencethrough the Late Triassic (Sowchea succession);latest Permian and Early Triassic mixed clasticsand volcanics (Kloch Lake succession); Middleand Late Triassic reworking of carbonates(Whitefish limestone), including cavity fill inolder limestones (Necoslie breccia), and finegrainedclastic sedimentation extending into theEarly Jurassic (Tezzeron succession). Tethyan,eastern Pacific, and (or) low-latitude biogeographicattributes of the faunas are noted inthe Gzhelian (fusulines), Artinskian (conodonts,fusulines), Wordian (fusulines, corals, conodonts),and Ladinian (conodonts, radiolarians).The Cache Creek Terrane lay far to the west ofthe North American continent during these times.2008040493化 学 地 层 的 定 量 方 法 = A quantitative procedurefor chemostratigraphy. ( 英 文 ). Reyment RA. Stratigraphy, 2004, 1(1): 103-104A method for condensing a sequence of geochemicaldeterminations into a set of vectorlengthsfor plotting is proposed. Data from theeastern Chinese non-marine Upper Cretaceousare used for exemplifying the procedure. Theeffect of reducing the dimensionality by deletingminor elements is illustrated.2008040494超 越 GSSP: 年 代 地 层 学 的 新 进 展 前 言 =Beyond the GSSP: New developments inchronostratigraphy Preface. ( 英 文 ). McGowranB. Stratigraphy, 2007, 4(2/3): 81-82,2008040495年 代 地 层 学 史 = A history of chronostratigraphy.( 英 文 ). Vai G B. Stratigraphy, 2007, 4(2/3):83-97Chronostratigraphy has a “prehistory” beginningwith Leonardo’s and Steno’s twofold relativegeologic time division. It developed furtherwith Marsili’s (1728), Lehmann’s (1756), Arduino’s(1759-60) and Werner’s (1787) threefold,fourfold, and fivefold divisions respectively.Meanwhile, the initial steps were being taken inunderstanding Earth’s chronometry. Geologicalmapping exponentially increased the number oflithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic unitsand forced the need for a common language andpractice by international agreement. That objectivebecame feasible with the establishment ofthe International Geological Congress (IGC),and the bipolar or dual classification ofchronostratigraphic and chronologic units wasformally established during the 2nd IGC in Bolognain 1881. Chronostratigraphic classificationhas displayed a remarkable nomenclatural stability,notwithstanding continuously changing criteriaof use, correlation, improvement, and redefinitionof the standard chronostratigraphic units.The development of chronostratigraphy was byscientific research and the necessary stabilitywas through the IGC, as it appears from this reviewof the main chronostratigraphic resolutionsand recommendations adopted by the IGC sessionsfrom Bologna in 1881 to Sydney in 1976.An hierarchical classification and an historicalapproach underpin the evolution of chronostratigraphicclassification. Five stages of evolutionare outlined. Their succession illustrates chang-148