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ing paradigms, ongoing improvement by newtools of correlation, and the stability of namesdefined and used in a permanent common language.This flexibility should guide future developmentsin chronostratigraphy.2008040496年 代 地 层 学 术 语 : 建 立 在 原 则 之 上 =Chronostratigraphic terminology: Building onprinciples. ( 英 文 ). Aubry M-P. Stratigraphy,2007, 4(2/3): 117-125Relative time in earth history is linked togeometrical relationships —below means older,and above means younger—and is rooted in thethree fundamental principles of horizontality,lateral continuity and superposition enunciatedby Steno (1669). This relationship between spatialgeometry and time is the reason for dualterminology in chronostratigraphy, with rockunits(Lower/Upper) determining time-units(Early/Late). Abandoning the former wouldsever chronostratigraphy from its roots, and leadto semantic confusion. Lower and Upper specifyposition, and apply only to the observed sedimentaryrecord. Early and Late specify interpretedtime, and denote not only relative age (i.e.,time of deposition) but also time of subsequentdiagenesis or alteration. Although each conceptclosely implies the other, they are not the samelogically. Dual terminology should be retained.2008040497金 钉 子 之 后 的 年 代 地 层 学 = Chronostratigraphybeyond the GSSP. ( 英 文 ). Aubry M-P.Stratigraphy, 2007, 4(2/3):The introduction of the GSSP concept hasbeen successful to the extent that it has fostereda considerable amount of stratigraphicstudies. Ithas also led to a re-thinking of stratigraphicprinciples and practices. Chronostratigraphy aspracticed today attempts to reconcile two oppositephilosophical principles, the rock-timemodel of Hedberg and the time-rock model ofHarland. I argue here that the time-rock modeldoes not serve chronostratigraphy well and that areturn to Hedbergian principles is necessary toensure the correct application of chronostratigraphicprinciples. As the definition of GSSPsfor the Phanerozoic record is nearing completion,new complementary steps should be undertakento strengthen the GSSP concept. One concernsthe elaboration of frameworks of correlationso that GSSP sections would not stand isolated.The designation of reference sections at highlatitude or in terrestrial records would validatethis effort. Another concerns the re-introductionof unit stratotypes, for the benefit of the AstronomicalTime Scale, and to broaden the use ofchronohorizons for worldwide correlations.Bothundertakings will foster continued scientific discussionand openness in the stratigraphic communit2008040498层 时 关 系 的 比 例 尺 依 存 性 : 对 地 层 分 类 的 意义 = The scale-dependence of strata-time relations:implicationsfor stratigraphic classification.( 英 文 ). Zalasiewicz J; Smith A; Hounslow M;Williams M; Gale A et al. Stratigraphy, 2007,4(2/3): 139-144The establishment of chronostratigraphic unitssuch as geological Systems and Series dependsupon an ability to equate succession in rockstrata with the passage of time, and upon a pervasiveLaw of Superposition. These assumptionshold true at a gross scale. But, at fine scales ofstratigraphic resolution, they commonly breakdown. Thus, bioturbation in Phanerozoic marinedeposits typically homogenizes sedimentarypackages spanning millennia, affecting biostratigraphic,isotopic and paleomagnetic signals, andpost-burial mass transport phenomena such aslarge-scale sedimentary slumps and intra-strataldiapirs locally disrupt superpositional relationshipson a larger scale. Furthermore: the multistagetransport of microfossils prior to final burialcomplicates the relationship between depositionaland biostratigraphic ages; paleomagneticsignals, imposed at shallow burial depths, maybe distinct from depositional ages; and high precisionzircon U-Pb dates from tuff layers determinetime of crystallization in the magma, ratherthan depositional age. In such circumstances,depositional units cannot be unambiguouslyequated with time units: because they includemultiple temporal components, they cannot besubdivided precisely into time-rock units. Bycontrast, the different phenomena which havecontributed to constructing sedimentary deposits,pre-, syn- and post-depositional, may be effectivelyaccommodated within a unitary geologicaltime framework2008040499俄 罗 斯 新 的 地 层 标 准 和 地 层 分 类 的 一 些 问 题= The new Russian Stratigraphic Code and someproblems of stratigraphic classification. ( 英 文 ).Gladenkov Y B. Stratigraphy, 2007, 4(2/3): 169-172A new version of Stratigraphic Code of Russiawas published in 2006. The suggested approachto the stratigraphic classification somewhat differsfrom that of the International StratigraphicGuide. Stratigraphic categories consist of primary(chronostratigraphic) and auxiliary (accordingto method applied). Primary units maybe of global (stages and others), regional (regionalstages, provincial zones), and local (suites)scale. The chronozone is considered to be a partof the stage and belongs to primary units. Debat-149