Untitled

comparative studies of gene expression supportindependent origins of larval features. Precambrianand Cambrian embryonic fossils are alsoconsistent with direct development of the adultas being primitive, with planktonic larvae arisingduring the Cambrian. Larvae have continued toco-opt genes and evolve new features, allowingstudy of developmental evolution.2008040147古 生 代 动 态 的 生 物 礁 和 贝 类 的 生 物 群 落 = Thedynamic reef and shelly communities of the Paleozoic.( 英 文 ). Tapanila L; Jin Jisuo. CanadianJournal of Earth Sciences, 2008, 45(2): 117-1202008040148加 拿 大 安 提 库 斯 塔 岛 志 留 纪 腹 足 类 壳 上 的 底栖 岛 生 生 物 群 落 = Benthic island communityon the back of a snail: Silurian, Anticosti Island,Canada. ( 英 文 ). Ebbestad J O R; Tapanila L.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2008,45(2): 203-211A single specimen of the large Silurian gastropodPhanerotrema sp. from the GoélandMember on Anticosti Island preserves an outstandingmicrocosm of its surrounding community,including multiple trophic groups, strategiesfor niche partitioning, and innovative adaptationsfor survival in a mud-dominated marineecosystem. At least seven associations are recordedin this fossil specimen, including the gastropoditself, healed breakage from an apparentlyfailed attempt at durophagous predation,domichnial bioerosion, encrustation by a stromatoporoid,nestling behaviour and commensalembedment by a lingulid brachiopod, and epifaunalattachment by two cornulitids. As a benthicisland, the gastropod conch provided a favourableisolated habitat for hard substrate colonizers.This unique specimen sheds light on thebroader Paleozoic ecosystem, including the potentialimportance of benthic islands in the evolutionof niche-partitioning strategies in spacelimitedcommunities.A single specimen of thelarge Silurian gastropod Phanerotrema sp. fromthe Goéland Member on Anticosti Island preservesan outstanding microcosm of its surroundingcommunity, including multiple trophicgroups, strategies for niche partitioning, and innovativeadaptations for survival in a muddominatedmarine ecosystem. At least sevenassociations are recorded in this fossil specimen,including the gastropod itself, healed breakagefrom an apparently failed attempt at durophagouspredation, domichnial bioerosion, encrustationby a stromatoporoid, nestling behaviourand commensal embedment by a lingulidbrachiopod, and epifaunal attachment by twocornulitids. As a benthic island, the gastropodconch provided a favourable isolated habitat forhard substrate colonizers. This unique specimensheds light on the broader Paleozoic ecosystem,including the potential importance of benthicislands in the evolution of niche-partitioningstrategies in space-limited communities.2008040149巴 基 斯 坦 Karakorum 西 部 和 Hindu Kush 东部 二 叠 纪 蜓 和 珊 瑚 的 新 发 现 = New finding ofPermian fusulinids and corals from westernKarakorum and E Hindu Kush (Pakistan). ( 英 文 ).Leven E Ja.; Gaetani M; Schroeder S. RivistaItaliana di Paleontologia e stratigrafia, 2007,113(2): 151-165The Lashkargaz Fm. of Western Karakorum(Sakmarian-Kubergandian in age), is redefinedin its uppermost part. A new unit of sucrosicdolostone, the Ini Sar Fm., of early Murgabianage in its basal part, is established for a levelpreviously attributed to the Ailak Fm. The AilakFm. Is confirmed to be Late Permian in its lowerpar. A rich fusulinid fauna of early Kubergandianage was found in a carbonate nappe previouslyunidentified, along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border in the Eastern Hindu Kush.原 生 动 物2008040150二 叠 纪 中 期 瓜 达 鲁 普 世 蜓 类 希 瓦 格 蜓 科Eopolydiexodina 属 的 胚 胎 器 官 和 生 殖 模 式 =Embryonic apparati and patterns of reproductionin Eopolydiexodina (Fusulinida, Schwagerinoidea,Guadalupian,Middle Permian). ( 英 文 ).Vachard D; Gaillot J. Journal of ForaminiferalResearch, 2006, 36(1): 77-89 3 图 版 .The "proloculus" of the giant fusulinid Eopolydiexodinadarvasica (Dutkevich) (Schwagerinoidea)from the Kubergandian (= Roadian =early Middle Permian) of Afghanistan is, in fact,an embryonic apparatus of the excentrilepidinoid-type,which has a small internal protoconchthat is completely surrounded by a wide deuteroconch.The protoconch is exceptionally well preserved,but this type of apparatus is probablypresent in other fusulinids including other speciesof Eopolydiexodina, such as E. megasphaerica(Leven), and some neoschwagerinidssuch as Lepidolina multiseptata (Deprat). Withinthe Fusulinoidea, Quasifusulina seems to be thefirst representative of this trend, beginning in theLate Pennsylvanian/Early Permian. This embryonicapparatus is a supplementary character of"larger foraminifera", linking the fusulinids tosuch classical, more recent groups as Orbitopsellidae,Orbitoididae and Discocyclinidae. Othercharacteristics shared with the larger foraminiferaare complexity of endoskeleton, endosymbioticalgae and trimorphism. The existence oftrimorphism among the fusulinids is postulated45