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2008040137辽 西 北 票 中 侏 罗 世 髫 髻 山 组 发 现 雌 球 果 新 种Araucaria beipoiaoensis sp.nov. 及 其 演 化 意 义= A New Female Cone,Araucaria beipoiaoensissp.nov.from the Middle Jurassic TiaojishanFormation,Beipiao,Western Liaoning,China andIts Evolutionary Significance. ( 英 文 ). ZhengShaolin; Zhang Lidong; Zhang Wu; Ynag Yajun.Acta Geologica Sinica, 2008, 82(2): 266-282A new species of Araucaria,Araucaria beipiaoensissp.nov.,collected from the Middle JurassicTiaojishan Formation,southern hill of Shebudaivillage,near Beipiao city,western Liaoning isbased on a permineralized female cone,which isovate to elliptical in shape,about 11 cm×7cm×4.5 cm in size.The cone bears rhomboidbracts that are spirally attached,texturethicker,with wings on both sides,with a detachedlamina-like apex at the tip.In inner structure theovuliferous scales are thicker and fused withbracts...被 子 植 物2008040138气 候 和 玄 参 科 Nemesia 属 一 年 生 / 多 年 生 生 活史 的 演 化 = Climate and the evolution of annual/perenniallife-histories in Nemesia (Scrophulariaceae).( 英 文 ). Datson P M; Murray B G;Steiner K E. Plant Systematics and Evolution,2008, 270(1-2): 39-57The Cape Floristic Region and the SucculentKaroo in southwestern Africa are both noted fortheir plant species richness and high levels ofendemism. The southwestern tip of Africa is oneof the world's five Mediterranean-type climateregions. The biodiversity in the Cape FloristicRegion and Succulent Karoo is thought to be atleast partly due to changes to the climate of theseregions that have occurred since the middleMiocene. Annual species are usually a significantproportion of local flora in Mediterraneantypeclimate regions. Previous studies of speciesradiations in the Cape Floristic Region haveconcentrated on genera that predominantly containperennial species. Nemesia (Scrophulariaceae)comprises c. 65 species of annual andperennial herbs and sub-shrubs that are native tosouthern and tropical Africa. Annuals make up asignificant proportion (~75%) of Nemesia species.We have reconstructed a phylogeny of 23Nemesia species using nucleotide sequences ofthe ITS, ETS and trnL-spacer regions. Specieswere grouped into five clades, two composed ofannual species, one that contained two annualand one perennial species, one that containedone annual and two perennial species, and onethat was predominantly composed of perennialspecies. Phylogenetic dating of the ITS + ETSbased phylogenetic tree using penalised likelihoodsuggested the genus evolved during theMiocene, and that the majority of extant Nemesiaspecies studied radiated during the Pliocene.Ancestral state reconstruction supports at leastthree separate origins of the annual habit fromplants with a perennial life history. One origincan be traced to the late Miocene while the othertwo transitions occurred more recently duringthe Pliocene. The transition from perennial toannual life-histories in Nemesia may have been aresponse to climate change.2008040139波 兰 经 选 择 的 更 新 世 化 石 材 料 证 明Oenanthe(subgenus Phellandrium) 花 粉 和 分果 爿 的 微 演 化 趋 势 = Microevolutionary trendsin fossil Oenanthe pollen and mericarps (subgenusPhellandrium) evidenced by material fromselected Pleistocene sites in Poland. ( 英 文 ).Bińka K; Stachowicz-Rybka R; Winter H;Nitychoruk J. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,2007, 145(1-2): 25-34Mericarps and pollen grains collected in thePleistocene lacustrine deposits in Poland wereanalyzed. Well-developed mericarps, resemblingrecent fruits of water dropwort Oenanthe (Phellandriumsubgenus), are found since the Eemian.Mericarps found in the Pliocene and in the AugustovianInterglacial (= Bavelian Complex orCromerian I), in the Mazovian Interglacial(= Holsteinian interglacial) and in one of theinterstadials after this interglacial are a distinctmorphological type. They differ from recentmericarps of Oenanthe aquatica in shape andsize. As late as the Vistulian, pollen grains aredecidedly smaller and in parts with different microsculpturethan recent reference material ofpollen of O. aquatica. Probably, changes ofvegetation in the late Pleistocene and in theHolocene could have induced changes in thecomposition of the pollinator assemblages, andas a consequence increase in size of pollen.Compared to mericarp evolution, the evolutionof pollen of O. aquatica is somewhat delayed.2008040140墨 西 哥 Coahuila 晚 坎 潘 期 至 早 马 斯 特 里 赫 特期 Olmos 组 出 产 的 木 化 石 = Fossil woodsfrom the late Campanian–early MaastrichtianOlmos Formation, Coahuila, Mexico. ( 英 文 ).Estrada-Ruiz E; Martínez-Cabrera H I; Cevallos-Ferriz S R S. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,2007, 145(1-2): 123-133Three fossil wood types are described fromthe Olmos Formation, Coahuila, Mexico. Theanatomical characters of two of them enableidentification to Malvaceae and Fagaceae, whilethe affiliation of the third type is uncertain (Fa-42