or damage to their reputations which revelation of their identitiesmight bring. In addition, I have a legal obligation under the PrivacyAct not to publicly disclose the names of the individual researcherswithout their consent.This is especially true, of course, for those researchers and institutionswhich were unwitting participants in CIA sponsored activities.Nonetheless, Mr. Chairman, I certainly recognize the right and theneed of both the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and theSenate Subcommittee on Health and Scientific Research to investigatethe circumstances of these activities in whatever detail you considernecessary. I am providing your committee with all of the documentation,including all of the names, on a classified basis. I hope that thiswill facilitate your investigation while still protecting the individualsand the institutions involved.Let me emphasize again that the MKULTRA events are 12 to 24years in the past, and I assure you that CIA is in no way engaged ineither witting or unwitting testing of drugs today.Finally, I am working closely with the Attorney General on thismatter. We are making available to the Attorney General whatevermaterials he may deem necessary to any investigations that he mayelect to undertake. Beyond that, we are also working with the AttorneyGeneral to determine whether it is practicable from this new evidenceto identify any of the persons to whom drugs may have been administeredunwittingly. No such names are part of these records. We havenot identified the individuals to whom drugs were administered, butwe are trying now to determine if there are adequate clues to lead totheir identification, and if so how best to go about fulfilling the Government'sresponsibilities in this matter.Mr. Chairman, as we proceed with that process of attempting toidentify the individuals and then determining what is our proper responsibilityto them, I will keep both of these committees fully advised.I thank you, sir.Senator INouYE. Thank you very much, Admiral Turner. Yourspirit of cooperation is much appreciated. I would like to announce tothe committee that in order to give every member an opportunity toparticipate in this <strong>hearing</strong>, that we would set a time limit of 10 minutesper Senator.Admiral Turner, please give this committee the genesis of MKULTRA. Who or what committee or commission or agency was responsiblefor dreaming up this grandiose and sinister project, and why wasit necessary? What is the rationale or justification for such a projectand was the President of the United States aware of this?Admiral TURNER. Mr. Chairman. I am going to ask Mr. Brody onmy right, who is a long-time member of the CIA to address that inmore detail. I believe everything that we know about the genesis wasturned over to the Church committee and is contained in that material.Basically, it was a CIA-initiated project. It started out of aconcern of our being taken advantage of by other powers who woulduse drugs against our personnel, and it was approved in the Agency. Ihave asked the question you just asked me, and have been assured thatthere is no evidence within the Agency of any involvement at higherechelons, the White House, for instance, or specific approval. Thatdoes not say there was not, but we have no such evidence.96-408 0 - 77 - 2
Mr. Brody, would you amplify on my comments there, please?Mr. BRODY. Mr. Chairman, I really have very little to add to that.To my knowledge, there was no Presidential knowledge of this projectat the time. It was a CIA project, and as the admiral said, it wasa project designed to attempt to counteract what was then thought tobe a serious threat by our enemies of using drugs against us. Most ofwhat else we know about it is in the Senate Church committee report.Senator INOUYE. Were the authorized members of the Congressmade aware of this project through the budgetary process?Mr. BRODY. We have no knowledge of that, sir.Senator INOUYE. Are you suggesting that it was intentionally keptaway from the Congress and the President of the United States?Admiral TURNER. No, sir. We are only saying that we have no evidenceone way or the other as to whether the Congress was informedof this particular project. There are no records to indicate.Senator INOUYE. Admiral Turner, are you personally satisfied byactual investigation that this newly discovered information was notintentionally kept away from the Senate of the United States ?Admiral TURNER. I have no way to prove that, sir. That is my convictionfrom everything I have seen of it.Senator INOUYE. Now, we have been advised that these documentswere initially discovered in March of this year, and you were notifiedin July of this year, or June of this year, and the committee was notifiedin July. Can you tell us why the Director of Central Intelligencewas notified 3 months after its initial discovery, why the delay?Admiral TURNER. Yes, sir. All this started with several Freedom ofInformation Act requests, and Mr. Laubinger on my left was the individualwho took it upon himself to pursue these requests with greatdiligence, and got permission to go to the Retired Records Center, andthen made the decision to look not only under what would be the expectedsubject files, but through every file with which the branch thatconducted this type of activity had any conceivable connection.Very late in March, he discovered these seven boxes. He arrangedto have them shipped from the Retired Records Center to Washington,to our headquarters. They arrived in early April. He advised hisappropriate superiors, who asked him how long he thought it wouldtake him to go through these and screen them appropriately, clearthem for Freedom of Information Act release.There are, we originally estimated, 5,000 pages here. We now thinkthat was an underestimation, and it may be closer to 8,000 pages. Heestimated it would take about 45 days or into the middle of May todo that. He was told to proceed, and as be did so there was nothinguncovered in the beginning of these 149 cases that appeared particularlystartling or particularly additive to the knowledge that had alreadybeen given to the Church committee, some details, but no majorrevelations:He and his associates proceeded with deliberateness, but not a greatsense of urgency. There were other interfering activities that cameand demanded his time also. He was not able to put 100 percent of histime on it, and there did not appear to be cause for a great rush here.We were trying to be responsive to the Freedom of Information Actrequest within the limits of our manpower and our priorities.
- Page 2: PROJECT MKIULTRA, THE CIA'S PROGRAM
- Page 5: CONTESTSStatements of:PageAdmiral S
- Page 10 and 11: destruction of MKULTRA files in 197
- Page 12 and 13: and harassment substances (pp. 4, 1
- Page 14 and 15: The material in 1975 was also spars
- Page 16 and 17: Tenth, there are six subprojects on
- Page 20 and 21: In early June, however, he discover
- Page 22 and 23: 17You know, much of the research wh
- Page 24 and 25: efore, and I am hopeful we can get
- Page 26 and 27: Counsel's opinion was that this was
- Page 28 and 29: Senator HUDDLESTON. But if it were
- Page 30 and 31: these were going on, especially whe
- Page 32 and 33: Only a handful of cases in which sc
- Page 34 and 35: 29another threatened to kill on sig
- Page 36 and 37: Rarely has a drug interrogation inv
- Page 38 and 39: 33REFERENCES1. Adams, E. Barbiturat
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- Page 42 and 43: for his own particular reasons not
- Page 44 and 45: projects will be completely deniabl
- Page 46 and 47: with that, but apparently for at le
- Page 48 and 49: Admiral TURNER. Yes; I think there
- Page 50 and 51: Senator KENNEDY. Just talking about
- Page 52 and 53: who, if either of us, should get in
- Page 54 and 55: and the new documentation and the n
- Page 56 and 57: Senator INoUYE. And Mr. John Gittin
- Page 58 and 59: of those programs and your name is
- Page 60 and 61: Mr. GOLDMAN. Yes.Senator KENNEDY. W
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- Page 64 and 65: Senator KENNEDY. Well, we're not in
- Page 66 and 67: Senator KENNEDY. All right. I want
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Senator SCHWEIKER. That is all I ha
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386ties would have serious repercus
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388that no damage was done to indiv
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390funding mechanism for highly sen
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72392subjects-the CIA had developed
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394Although the CIA recognized thes
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396proval of his immediate supervis
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398Immediately after finding that O
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400"observe the behavior of unwitti
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402If one grants the validity of th
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84404well, so that anybody who assi
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86406result was that the Agency had
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88- 408In 1963, the Inspector Gener
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90410QKHILLTOP, another group desig
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4121. Scope of TestingBetween 1955
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414general lack of interagency comm
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416For the next 28 minutes, the sub
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418This problem was compounded by t
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420The subsequent adoption of this
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422apparent unwillingness on the pa
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104u E T: Request for Guidance on H
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The Didctor of Central Intelligence
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109APPENDIX CDOCUMENTS REFERRING TO
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111PROPOSAL.Objective:To study the
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113date -J.UN -In' 3.2 Lugo"tJ,55MI
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115r urel avesaio'hi n tvopezied--
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117The present ± vdstigation is co
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11925 AuguSt 1955MERANDUM FOR:SUBJE
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121cherce c ontir.. the ro,:ect. if
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1235 May 1955A "-ticn of the 1Rosec
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125The propozed facilityoj2S~ffara
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ads for tihs purpose through the co
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663, dated 26 August 1954, funds ar
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131.VI.Comments by the Office of Ge
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133Ll-rezlh l-te fle on*~tA Subproj
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135II.Background of theTh was incor
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137VI.Difficulties Faced by TSS.It
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139morale booster.(e)Human patients
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141XI.Resultant Financial Saving.Th
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143length about his -- "pcrimear.*
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Mr.Page Twodelay this matter for a
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147rubjects varies from t::.0-ty' '
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149tetrhr;eocrnnabbol nctata Ceriva
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151DRAPT/a"o30 January 1961V2240RAN
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153EMORANDUM FOR THE RECORDSUBJECT:
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1551MMAManuman re' rsCOR-sUM FORt.
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1571960The researci to be undertake
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159.MEMORANDUM FOR: THtfEconnSUBJEC
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161MMORANDM FOR: TE MODSUBJECTConti
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163MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD o LtSU
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165SUBJECT:Request for Support of R
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1671.1 Trotter. W. defies brain con
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MATERIAL FOR THE RECORDMKSEARCH. OF
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171QKHILLTOP DEFINITIONQKHILLTOP wa