hearing

for his own particular reasons not to have it public, I don't see whythose in a lesser echelon or lower echelon who have been effectively usedby it should not have the information as well.So, I would hopethat you would notify the universities and thenalso indicate to the public. I can't conceive that this information willnot be put out in the newspapers, and it puts the university people atan extraordinary disadvantage, and of course some of it is wrong,which is the fact of the matter, and I think some university officialsaying, well, it isn't so, is a lot different than if they know it is confirmedor it is not confirmed in terms of the Agency itself. I think thatthere is a responsibility there.Admiral TURNER. I have great sympathy with what you are saying.I have already notified one institution because the involvement was soextensive that I thought they really needed to protect themselves, andI am most anxious to do this in whatever way will help all of thepeople who were perhaps unwitting participants in this, and the difficultyI will have is, I can't quite do, I think, what you suggested, inthat I may not be able to tell an institution of the extent and nature ofits participation.Senator KENNEDY. Well, you can tell them to the best of your information,and it seems to me that just because the university or anindividual is going to be embarrassed is not a reason for classifyingthe information. So, I would hope-I mean, I obviously speak as anindividual Senator, but I feel that that is an incredible disservice tothe innocent individuals and, I think, a disservice to the integrity ofthe universities unless they are notified, to be able to develop proceduresyou are developing with regards to your own institution andwe are trying to in terms of the Congress. Certainly the universitiesare entitled to the same.Admiral TURNER. Yes. Not all of these, of course, were unwitting.Senator KENNEDY. That's right.Admiral TURNER. Many of them were witting, and therefore theycan take all those precautionary steps on their own, but I am perfectlyopen to doing this. I am only interested in doing it in a way that whenidentifying a university it will not lead to the public disclosure of theindividuals, whom I am not allowed to disclose, and so on.Senator KENNEDY. That could be done, it seems to me.Admiral TURNER. So, we will see if we can devise a way of notifyingthese institutions on a private basis so that they can then make theirown decision whether their equities are best served by their announcingit publicly or their attempting to maintain it-Senator KENNEDY. Or you. I wonder. What if they were to ask youto announce or indicate ?Admiral TURNER. My personal conscience, sir, at this time, is that Iwould be doing a disserve to these universities if I notified the public.Senator KENNEDY. Would you meet with some university officialsand ask what their views are or whether they feel that the preservationof the integrity of the universities would be better served or not?I think that would be useful to find out from small, large, private, andpublic universities' officials how they view the integrityAdmiral TURNER. Fine. I will phone several university presidentstoday who are my friends and who are not involved in this, and askthem what they think the equities would be.