hearing

Senator HUDDLESTON. You don't know whether any of your agentsanywhere in the world have been subjected to any kind of procedurelike this?Admiral TURNER. We certainly know of other powers conductingresearch in these areas, yes.Senator HUDDLESTON. Do you know how they go about that research?Admiral TURNER. It is pretty sketchy, the information we have.Senator HUDDLESTON. Do you know of any other organization in thiscountry or any institution that has conducted extensive research onunwitting individuals and through unwitting institutions?Admiral TURNER. Well, I have read something in the newspapersabout this, but I have not familiarized myself with it in specifics.Senator HUDDLESTON. It is not a normal mode of operation for humanresearch, is it?Admiral TURNER. No, sir.Senator HUDDLESTON. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.Senator INOUYE. Senator Wallop?Senator WVALLOP. Mr. Chairman, I only have one to follow up onSenator Huddleston's questions and my earlier ones. You are not reallysaying, are you, Admiral Turner, that there are no mind-alteringdrugs or behavior modification procedures which have been used byforeign powers?Adiniral TURNER. No, sir, I am not.Senator WALLOP. I drew that inference partly in answer to my questionthat you knew of no truth serum. Maybe that is a misnomer, butsurely there are relaxants that make tongues looser than they wouldotherwise be. Isn't that true?Admiral TURNER. Yes.Senator WALLOP. So I think it is fair to say, too, that the experienceof many American prisoners of war in the Korean conflict wouldindicate that there are behavior modification procedures in use byforeign powers of a fairly advanced degree of sophistication.Admiral TURNER. Yes, sir.Senator WALLOP. Again, I will just go back and say I think thismust have been part of the motivation. I don't think you would havementioned Cardinal Mindszenty had you thought his behavior wasnormal at the time or had anybody else. So, I would just again sayI think it is a little bit scapegoating. I don't think the object of thishearing is in any way to lay blame on those passed or those dead orotherwise, but I think it is a little bit scapegoating to say that itstopped with the directors of the CIA or the DCI's of the time. AlsoI think it is a little bit scapegoating to say they didn't even know it,but that it was some lower echelon acting alone.I think this was a behavior pattern that was prevalent in thoseyears, and I think the object lesson is that we have discovered, wethink and we hope, through your assurances and other activities ofthe Congress, means of avoiding future incidents of that kind. I thankyou, Mr. Chairman.Senator INOUYE. Senator Chafee?Senator CTrAFEE. No questions.Senator INOUYE. Senator Kennedy, I think you have anotherquestion.