Reference Manual - IARC Screening Group

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IntroductionSankaranarayanan R et al. 1999. Visual inspection with acetic acid in theearly detection of cervical cancer and precursors. International Journal ofCancer 80: 161–163.Sankaranarayanan R et al. 1998. Visual inspection of the uterine cervixafter the application of acetic acid in the detection of cervical carcinomaand its precursors. Cancer 83(10): 2150–2156.Sherris J and C Herdman. 2000. Preventing cervical cancer in lowresourcesettings. Outlook 18(1): 1–8.Singh et al. 2001. Early detection of cervical cancer through acetic acidapplication—an aided visual inspection. Singapore Medical Journal42(8): 351–354.Stentella P et al. 1998. HPV and intraepithelial neoplasia recurrentlesions of the lower tract: Assessment of the immune system. EuropeanJournal of Gynaecological Oncology 19(5): 466–469.Stewart AC et al. 1996. Intratype variation in 12 human papillomavirustypes: A worldwide perspective. Journal of Virology 70(5): 3127–3136.UNAIDS. December 2006. 2006 AIDS Epidemic Update. UNAIDS:Geneva.University of Zimbabwe/JHPIEGO Cervical Cancer Project. 1999.Visualinspection with acetic acid for cervical cancer screening: Test qualities ina primary care setting. Lancet 353(9156): 869–873.Walboomers JMM et al. 1999. Human papillomavirus is a necessarycause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. Journal of Pathology189(1): 12–19.World Health Organization (WHO). 1986. Control of cancer of the cervixuteri. A WHO meeting. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 64(4):607–618.WHO. 2006. Comprehensive Cervical Cancer Control: A Guide toEssential Practice. WHO: Geneva.Wright T. 1999. Personal communication.Wright TC et al. 2006. HPV vaccines and screening in the preventionof cervical cancer; conclusions from a 2006 workshop of internationalexperts. Vaccine 24S3: S3/251–S3/261.1-20 Cervical Cancer Prevention Guidelines for Low-Resource Settings
IntroductionYlitalo N et al. 1999. Smoking and oral contraceptives as risk factors forcervical intraepithelial neoplasia. International Journal of Cancer 81(3):357–365.Cervical Cancer Prevention Guidelines for Low-Resource Settings 1-21
Page 1: Cervical Cancer PreventionGuideline
Page 5: TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE AND ACKNOW
Page 8: How to High-Level Disinfect Surgica
Page 11 and 12: Table C-2Figure C-1Preparing a Dilu
Page 13 and 14: PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis ref
Page 15 and 16: ONEINTRODUCTIONMAGNITUDE OF THE PRO
Page 17 and 18: IntroductionFigure 1-3. Incidence o
Page 19 and 20: Introductionprevalence areas, a sta
Page 21 and 22: Table 1-2. Reduction in Cumulative
Page 23 and 24: Introductiontheir performance was t
Page 25 and 26: Introductionlesions, or a false pos
Page 27 and 28: IntroductionCompared to other metho
Page 29 and 30: Introductionsignificantly to women
Page 31 and 32: IntroductionBelinson JL et al. 2001
Page 33: IntroductionMitchell MF et al. 1998
Page 37 and 38: TWOHUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND CERVICA
Page 39 and 40: Human Papillomavirus and Cervical C
Page 47 and 48: THREEPATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF CERVICAL CA
Page 49 and 50: With the onset of puberty, whichis
Page 51 and 52: Pathophysiology of Cervical Cancerp
Page 53 and 54: Pathophysiology of Cervical CancerP
Page 55 and 56: Pathophysiology of Cervical CancerI
Page 57 and 58: Pathophysiology of Cervical CancerR
Page 59 and 60: FOURTALKING WITH WOMEN ABOUTCERVICA
Page 61 and 62: Talking with Women About Cervical C
Page 69 and 70: FIVEPREVENTING INFECTIONS INHEALTHC
Page 71 and 72: Preventing Infections in Healthcare
Page 79 and 80: SIXCLIENT ASSESSMENT AND VIA TESTIN
Page 81 and 82: Client Assessment and VIA TestingFi
Page 83 and 84: Client Assessment and VIA TestingIN
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Client Assessment and VIA Testingst
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Client Assessment and VIA Testingsp
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Client Assessment and VIA Testingth
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SEVENTREATMENT AND FOLLOWUPBACKGROU
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Treatment and Followupregardless of
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Treatment and FollowupFigure 7-1. L
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Treatment and FollowupTable 7-6. Co
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Treatment and FollowupFigure 7-2 is
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Treatment and Followup• Regulator
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Treatment and FollowupCRYOTHERAPY P
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Treatment and FollowupStep 6 Point
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Treatment and FollowupNote: When CO
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Treatment and FollowupStep 5Advise
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Treatment and FollowupBerget A, B A
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APPENDIX ATESTS FOR CERVICAL CANCER
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Tests for Cervical Cancer Screening
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APPENDIX BSCREENING TEST QUALITIES
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Screening Test Qualities and Their
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APPENDIX CINFECTION PREVENTION PROC
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Infection Prevention Processesfor m
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Infection Prevention Processeswith
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Infection Prevention ProcessesFigur
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Table C-4. Preparing and Using Chem
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Infection Prevention ProcessesStora
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Infection Prevention Processes• h
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APPENDIX DTECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF THE
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Technical Overview of the Cryothera
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Figure D-5. Removing Protector Tube
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Technical Overview of the Cryothera
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Figure D-11. Gas Cylinder Secured t
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APPENDIX ETROUBLESHOOTING WITH THEC
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Table E-1. Following-Up on Commonly
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APPENDIX FPROCESSING SURGICAL GLOVE
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Processing Surgical GlovesTable F-1
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Processing Surgical GlovesSTEP 10:
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APPENDIX GPERFORMING BREAST AND PEL
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Performing Breast and Pelvic Examin
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Figure G-2. Breast Puckering or Dim
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Figure G-5. Checking for Nipple Dis
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Figure G-18. Speculum in Place with
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APPENDIX HPERCEIVED BARRIERS TO PRO
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AVAILABILITY OF BASIC SUPPLIES AND
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GLOSSARYAcetic AcidAcetowhite Chang
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PatulousSquamocolumnarJunction (SCJ
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ADDITIONAL READINGAlliance for Cerv
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innovating to save liveswww.jhpiego
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