Reference Manual - IARC Screening Group

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Talking with Women About Cervical CancerQ: What is the advantage of the treatment if I might not actually havedisease?A: The advantage of the treatment is that you will most likely not havecervical cancer in the next 10 years. Even when no abnormal tissue isseen, the earliest form of disease might be present. Providing thistreatment will cause new healthy cells to grow on the cervix, thusreducing the chance that a cancer could occur.REFERENCESHuezo CM and C Carignan.1997. Medical and Service DeliveryGuidelines, Second edition. International Planned Parenthood Federation,Medical Department: London.Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH). 1997. PlanningAppropriate Cervical Cancer Control Programs. PATH: Seattle,Washington.4-10 Cervical Cancer Prevention Guidelines for Low-Resource Settings
FIVEPREVENTING INFECTIONS INHEALTHCARE WORKERS 1BACKGROUNDInfectious diseases, such as puerperal sepsis, tuberculosis and cholera,continue to be some of the leading causes of death worldwide. Healthcareworkers as well as the clients and patients they serve are at risk of gettingthese diseases. The spread of infections within healthcare facilities resultsin large part from the failure of healthcare workers to wash their handsbefore and after contact with each client or patient—a lesson learnedmore than 100 years ago (“Handwashing: A modest measure…” 1999).The current epidemic spread of bloodborne viral diseases, includinghepatitis B, C, and D and HIV/AIDS, heightens the importance ofhealthcare worker safety. As a consequence, infection preventionstrategies should focus on both:• preventing the spread of infection to clients and patients, and• protecting healthcare workers at all levels by providing a safer workenvironment.Most infections can be spread before symptoms are present. Therefore,exposure to any blood or other body fluids from a client or patient,through needlesticks or other injuries or splashes into eyes and mouth(mucous membranes), brings a risk of infection. Many healthcareworkers are only vaguely aware of the risk they face while at work; somestill believe that little can be done to protect them.Although infection prevention (IP) addresses exposure from both animateand inanimate objects and deals extensively with hospital-acquiredinfections, this chapter focuses on practices that reduce healthcareworkers’ exposure to infection from clients, patients and other staff in theclinic and ambulatory surgical center. More detailed information onpreventing exposure from inanimate objects and how to decontaminate,clean and either sterilize or high-level disinfect instruments, gloves andother items can be found in Infection Prevention: Guidelines forHealthcare Facilities with Limited Resources (Tietjen et al. 2003) andAppendix C.1 Adapted with permission from: Tietjen LG. 1997. Preventing infections in healthcare workers. Outlook 15(4): 1–3.Cervical Cancer Prevention Guidelines for Low-Resource Settings 5-1
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Cervical Cancer PreventionGuideline
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TABLE OF CONTENTSPREFACE AND ACKNOW
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How to High-Level Disinfect Surgica
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Table C-2Figure C-1Preparing a Dilu
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PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis ref
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ONEINTRODUCTIONMAGNITUDE OF THE PRO
Page 17 and 18: IntroductionFigure 1-3. Incidence o
Page 19 and 20: Introductionprevalence areas, a sta
Page 21 and 22: Table 1-2. Reduction in Cumulative
Page 23 and 24: Introductiontheir performance was t
Page 25 and 26: Introductionlesions, or a false pos
Page 27 and 28: IntroductionCompared to other metho
Page 29 and 30: Introductionsignificantly to women
Page 31 and 32: IntroductionBelinson JL et al. 2001
Page 33 and 34: IntroductionMitchell MF et al. 1998
Page 35 and 36: IntroductionYlitalo N et al. 1999.
Page 37 and 38: TWOHUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS AND CERVICA
Page 39 and 40: Human Papillomavirus and Cervical C
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Page 51 and 52: Pathophysiology of Cervical Cancerp
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Page 59 and 60: FOURTALKING WITH WOMEN ABOUTCERVICA
Page 61 and 62: Talking with Women About Cervical C
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Page 71 and 72: Preventing Infections in Healthcare
Page 79 and 80: SIXCLIENT ASSESSMENT AND VIA TESTIN
Page 81 and 82: Client Assessment and VIA TestingFi
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Page 91 and 92: SEVENTREATMENT AND FOLLOWUPBACKGROU
Page 93 and 94: Treatment and Followupregardless of
Page 95 and 96: Treatment and FollowupFigure 7-1. L
Page 97 and 98: Treatment and FollowupTable 7-6. Co
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Page 101 and 102: Treatment and Followup• Regulator
Page 103 and 104: Treatment and FollowupCRYOTHERAPY P
Page 105 and 106: Treatment and FollowupStep 6 Point
Page 107 and 108: Treatment and FollowupNote: When CO
Page 109 and 110: Treatment and FollowupStep 5Advise
Page 111 and 112: Treatment and FollowupBerget A, B A
Page 113 and 114: APPENDIX ATESTS FOR CERVICAL CANCER
Page 115 and 116: Tests for Cervical Cancer Screening
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Tests for Cervical Cancer Screening
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APPENDIX BSCREENING TEST QUALITIES
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Screening Test Qualities and Their
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APPENDIX CINFECTION PREVENTION PROC
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Infection Prevention Processesfor m
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Infection Prevention Processeswith
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Infection Prevention ProcessesFigur
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Table C-4. Preparing and Using Chem
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Infection Prevention ProcessesStora
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Infection Prevention Processes• h
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APPENDIX DTECHNICAL OVERVIEW OF THE
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Technical Overview of the Cryothera
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Figure D-5. Removing Protector Tube
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Technical Overview of the Cryothera
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Figure D-11. Gas Cylinder Secured t
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APPENDIX ETROUBLESHOOTING WITH THEC
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Table E-1. Following-Up on Commonly
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APPENDIX FPROCESSING SURGICAL GLOVE
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Processing Surgical GlovesTable F-1
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Processing Surgical GlovesSTEP 10:
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APPENDIX GPERFORMING BREAST AND PEL
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Performing Breast and Pelvic Examin
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Figure G-2. Breast Puckering or Dim
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Figure G-5. Checking for Nipple Dis
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Figure G-18. Speculum in Place with
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APPENDIX HPERCEIVED BARRIERS TO PRO
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AVAILABILITY OF BASIC SUPPLIES AND
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GLOSSARYAcetic AcidAcetowhite Chang
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PatulousSquamocolumnarJunction (SCJ
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ADDITIONAL READINGAlliance for Cerv
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innovating to save liveswww.jhpiego
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