agriculture and food economy in poland

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Figure 7. Structure of commercial agricultural production in 1995 and 2003 (%) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Source: GUS 39,4 60,6 It is not only the volume of production which impacts the value of agricultural production, but also the level of agricultural product prices. For many years prices of agricultural products have shown a downward trend and an unfavourable relationship compared to the prices of other products. Table 2. Relationship between prices of agricultural products and prices of goods and services purchased by agricultural holdings Source: Agriculture in 2000. GUS 40 1995 2003 Plant production Animal production Cereals Potatoes Industrial plants Vegetables Fruit Other plant production Animals for slaughter Cow’s milk Hen eggs Other animal production 60 AGRICULTURE 8 16,1 18 41 36,4 3,1 0,4 5 0,6 1995 2003 7,8 11,2 6,8 1,9 2,4 6,1 3,5 6,5 7,5 Specification 2000 2001 2002 Previous year = 100 2003 2003 1990=100 1995=100 1. Agricultural products 114,7 103,8 92,6 99,5 653,0 136,5 - plant 107,4 95,9 99,8 106,2 709,5 140,1 - animal 118,8 108,0 88,8 95,6 620,5 133,5 2. Goods and serwices purchased 111,4 106,5 101,9 102,1 1022,6 199,5 - consumer goods 110,8 104,6 101,3 100,5 1015,6 192,0 - goods for current agricultural production 111,9 106,9 101,9 102,2 1067,9 202,0 - investment goods 105,5 104,9 102,5 101,9 817,7 176,2 3. Price relationship „price squeeze” (1: 2) 103,0 97,5 90,9 97,5 63,9 68,4 8,9 9,1 7,7
AGRICULTURE Within the whole period from 1990 to 2003 very rarely did agricultural product prices show an upward trend in real terms. This was observed within the first years of socio-economic transition, characterised by a high inflation rate, and within recent years when the inflation rate was many times lower (585.8% in 1990, 27.8% in 1995, 10.1% in 2000, 0.8% in 2003). Agricultural land and structure of its utilisation Poland is a country with average agricultural land resources. In 2003, Utilised Agricultural Area (UAA) was 16.2 million ha, i.e. it accounted for 51.7% of the total Poland’s area. Between 1990 and 2003 the acreage of UAA systematically diminished, mainly due to land allocation for housing purposes. The area used for feeding purposes as expressed in UAA per capita is high compared to the EU average and is equal to 0.42 ha. As regards the UAA acreage, Poland is ranked as the 4th in the EU following France (27.9 million ha of UAA), Spain (26.6 million ha of UAA) and Germany (17 million ha). The quality of UAA in Poland is rather poor as evidenced by a relatively low soil quality index of 0.82 on average. Very good and good soils constitute only 11.5% and poor and very poor quality soils – more than 34%. Grassland is characterised by soils of particularly low quality, where land of very good and good quality (quality class 1 and 2) constitutes just 1.5%, whereas that of very poor and poor quality (quality class 5 and 6) – over 42%. Beside low quality soils, the climatic conditions in Poland are worse than those in western European countries due to which Polish agriculture, in terms of agricultural area valorisation, occupies one of the last places in Europe. At present farmland is utilised by numerous entities varying with regard to ownership, farm size as well as type and scale of production. Almost 95% of agricultural land is used by the private sector, of which 87% by private agricultural holdings (family farms). Public sector, owning 5% of agricultural land, comprises State Treasury farms and state legal persons, self-governments (gminas) and agricultural holdings of mixed ownership with a dominating state-owned stake. Figure 8. Structure of utilised agricultural area (UAA) in 1995 and 2003 (%) 1,6 12,7 8,3 Source: Agriculture in 2003. GUS. 1995 77,4 9 1,5 14,5 2003 5,8 arable land orchards meadows pastures 78,2
Page 1 and 2: MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL D
Page 3 and 4: MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL D
Page 5 and 6: Ladies and Gentlemen, Traditionally
Page 7 and 8: INFORMATION ABOUT POLAND General in
Page 9 and 10: INFORMATION ABOUT POLAND The rainfa
Page 11 and 12: AGRICULTURE General information on
Page 13: AGRICULTURE Between 1990 and 2003 c
Page 17 and 18: Although farms of over 10 ha consti
Page 19 and 20: AGRICULTURE Figure 10. Structure of
Page 21 and 22: AGRICULTURE to 2 400 farms) and fie
Page 23 and 24: AGRICULTURE as 79% on the previous
Page 25 and 26: Fruit and vegetables are produced a
Page 27 and 28: AGRICULTURE Figure 13. Cattle lives
Page 29 and 30: Organic farming AGRICULTURE Food pr
Page 31 and 32: The number of organic farms has bee
Page 33 and 34: AGRICULTURE In Poland, there is a l
Page 35 and 36: AGRICULTURE Figure 19. Agricultural
Page 37 and 38: AGRICULTURE Organisation of the agr
Page 39 and 40: FOOD INDUSTRY General information a
Page 41 and 42: FOOD INDUSTRY animals for slaughter
Page 43 and 44: The quantity of goods produced by t
Page 45 and 46: Programme PD˚, Try Fine Food FOOD
Page 47 and 48: FOOD INDUSTRY Guaranteed certificat
Page 49 and 50: General Information on Fisheries FI
Page 51 and 52: Following 1990, the pattern of mari
Page 53 and 54: FISHERIES As in the agri-food proce
Page 55 and 56: General information on trade in agr
Page 57 and 58: Among the European Union member sta
Page 59 and 60: Export In 2003 exports of processed
Page 61 and 62: Table 20. Exports of processed plan
Page 63 and 64: NATIONAL SUPPORT INSTRUMENTS So far
Page 65 and 66:
programme, whose implementation was
Page 67 and 68:
EUROPEAN UNION ASSISTANCE 1991 was
Page 69 and 70:
AGRICULTURAL POLICY Poland signed w
Page 71 and 72:
AGRICULTURAL POLICY Rural Areas Dev
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AGRICULTURAL POLICY 12 months of as
Page 75 and 76:
AGRICULTURAL CENTRAL AND LOCAL SELF
Page 77 and 78:
AGRICULTURAL CENTRAL AND LOCAL SELF
Page 79 and 80:
ADDRESSES Adresses of institutions
Page 81 and 82:
NOTES 75
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ISSN 1427-0757
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agriculture and food economy in poland

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