Status of Caribbean coral reefs after bleaching and hurricanes in 2005

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Status of Coral Reefs of the Lesser Antilles after the 2005 Coral Bleaching EventBy March 2006, only 7% of 180 colonies that had been tagged in November had died. Themajority of these corals regained their pigmentation, although partial mortality was evidentin 32.5% of the colonies, including some with clear symptoms of coral disease. Mortality wasgreatest in brain corals (Colpophyllia natans, Diploria strigosa and Diploria labyrinthiformis),with 73% of colonies dying. Most of the reefs had still not recovered from the bleaching eventof 2005, with many colonies showing signs of diseases and an apparent rise in colony mortalityamong the massive corals.So c i o e c o n o m i c Im p a c t s a n d Ma n ag e m e n t ResponsesAfter the 2005 event, the Buccoo Reef Trust introduced a monitoring program under theregional GEF-IWCAM project and Coral Cay Conservation started coral reef mapping aroundTobago. These studies, conducted in partnership with the Tobago House of Assembly, willprovide detailed information about the long-term damage to the island’s coral reefs from the2005 bleaching event.Au t h o r Co n ta c t sClaude Bouchon, Pedro Portillo, Yolande Bouchon-Navaro, Max Louis, Université des antilleset de la Guyane, Laboratoire de Biologie Marine, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe. claude.bouchon@univ-ag.fr; Paul Hoetjes, Department of Environment & Nature, Ministry of Public Health &Social Development, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. paul@mina.vomil.an; Hazel Oxenford,Centre for Resource Management and Environmental Studies (CERMES), University of the WestIndies, Cave Hill, Barbados; Angelique Brathwaite, Ramon Roach, Coastal Zone ManagementUnit (CZMU), Ministry of Housing, Lands and the Environment, Government of Barbados,Barbados. abrathwaite@coastal.gov.bb. Shay O’Farrell, Coral Cay Conservation, London, UnitedKingdom. science@coralcay.org, Owen Day, Buccoo Reef Trust, Carnbee, Tobago, Trinidad andTobago. o.day@buccooreef.orgReferencesEnvironmental Assessment Programme, Office of Research, University of the West Indies (2007).The Barbados Coral Reef Monitoring Programme; Changes in coral reef communitieson the West and South Coasts 1987-2002. Coastal Zone Management Unit, Governmentof Barbados.Government of Barbados (GOB) (2004). The national biodiversity strategy and action planfor Barbados. Ministry of Physical Development and Environment, Government ofBarbadosO’Farrell S, Day O (2006). Report on the 2005 mass coral bleaching event in Tobago, Part 1:Results from Phase 1 Survey. Coral Cay Conservation and the Buccoo Reef Trust. 41 pp.(http://www.coralcay.org/science/publications/trinidad.pdf).Oxenford HA, Roach R, Brathwaite A, Nurse L, Goodridge R, Hinds F, Baldwin K, Finney C (2007).Quantitative observations of a major coral bleaching event in Barbados, southeasternCaribbean. Climatic Change, published online 6 September, 2007.103
9. Th e Effects o f Co r a l Bl e a c h i n g in So u t h e r nTr o p i c a l Am e r ic a : Br a z i l, Co l o m b i a, a n d VenezuelaAl b e rto Ro d r í g u e z-Ra m í r e z, Ca ro l i n a Ba s t i da s, Se ba s t i á n Ro d r í g u e z,Ze l i n da Le ã o, Ru y Ki k u c h i, Marília Oliveira, Di e g o Gil, Ja im eGa r z ó n-Fe r r e i r a, Ma r í a Cata l i n a Reyes-Nivia, Ra ú l Nava s -Ca m a c h o ,Na d i e zh da Sa n to d o m i n g o, Guillermo Dí a z-Pu l i d o, Dag o b e rtoVenera-Po n to n, Le n i n Fl o r e z-Le i va, Al e ja n d ro Ra n g e l-Ca m p o , Ca r l o sOroz c o, Ju a n Ca r l o s Má r q u e z, Sv e n Zea, Mat e o Ló p e z-Victoria, Ju a nAr m a n d o Sá n c h e z a n d Ma r i a Cl a r a Hu rta d o.Su m m a r yzx Massive coral bleaching occurred in Southern Tropical America during unusuallyhigh sea surface temperatures in 2005. The timing of bleaching varied throughout theregion.zx Surveys at 156 sites in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela show that 2005 was the region’smost severe bleaching year, with most bleaching in shallow zones, but the severityvaried considerably.zx In Brazil, bleaching started at Itacolomis Reefs in April 2005, after the southernsummer.zx In Colombia, reefs at Santa Marta started bleaching 6 months later in October, after thenorthern summer.zx In Venezuela, the peak bleaching intensity was in November-December 2005, two monthslater than in the west and north Caribbean. It affected up to 25% of coral colonies butvaried greatly among surveyed sites, from 0 to 100%.zx Bleaching was observed in several coral species but only a few, such as Acroporacervicornis, A. palmata, and Diploria labyrinthiformis, suffered mortality.zx Coral reefs less affected by bleaching seem to be related to upwelling zones in theCaribbean.105
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Caribb
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3. Hu r r i ca n e s a n d t h e i
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The 2005 Bleaching Event: Coral-Lis
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Status of Caribbean coral reefs after bleaching and hurricanes in 2005

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