Status of Caribbean coral reefs after bleaching and hurricanes in 2005

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Co n t e n t sAcknowledgementsivForeword 1Executive Summary 31. Introduction 152. Coral Reefs and Climate Change: Susceptibility and Consequences 193. Hurricanes and their effects on Coral Reefs 314. The 2005 Bleaching event: Coral-list Log 375. Status of the Mesoamerican Reef after the 2005 Coral Bleaching Event 456. Coral Reefs of the U.S. CaribbeanThe History of Massive Coral Bleaching and other Perturbationsin the Florida Keys 61Coral Bleaching in the U.S. Virgin Islands in 2005 and 2006 687. The Effects of Coral Bleaching in the Northern Caribbeanand Western Atlantic 738. Status of Coral Reefs of the Lesser Antilles after the 2005Coral Bleaching Event 859. The Effects of Coral Bleaching in Southern Tropical America:Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela 10510. Managing for Mass Coral Bleaching Strategies for SupportingSocio-ecological Resilience 11511. Predictions for the Future of the Caribbean 12912. Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Reef Programs and Monitoring Networks 13513. Suggested Reading 14514. List of Acronyms 148iii
Status of Caribbean Coral Reefs after Bleaching and Hurricanes in 2005Ac k n o w l e d g e m e n t s, Co-s p o n s o r s a n d Supporters o f GCRMNMuch of the material for this book was provided voluntarily by more than 70 contributors; we wish to specifically thankthem for their efforts and dedication towards conserving coral reefs. Many scientific papers and reports were consulted toextract data and information; unfortunately we are unable to include all of these, but have added a number of references in eachchapter and at the back as Suggested Reading. We apologise if pertinent material has not been cited. This report will be lodgedon ReefBase, at WorldFish Center, which acts as the global coral reef database, www.reefbase.org. Many colleagues assisted us asreviewers of text; we wish to thank these people for their time, effort and patience: Robert Buddemeier, Greg Connor, ChristineDawson, Carlos Drews, Simon Donner, Scot Frew, Robert Ginsburg, Stefan Hain, Marea Hatziolos, Jim Hendee, Scott Heron,Gregor Hodgson, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Maria Hood, Christy Loper, Derek Manzello, Peter Mumby, Bernard Salvat, KristianTeleki, Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri and Christian Wild. We specifically thank Fiona Alongi and Tim Harvey for formatting andediting; others also assisted us in unseen ways – thanks.Three operational partners of the GCRMN have assisted with this report: Gregor Hodgson and Cori Kane of the Reef CheckFoundation; Jamie Oliver, Stanley Tan and Moi Khim Tan of ReefBase; Christy Loper of NOAA who coordinates the SocioeconomicMonitoring Network; and colleagues. The Management Group of the GCRMN has provided substantial assistance, advice andsupport: The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO; the United Nations Environment Programme CoralReef Unit (UNEP-CRU); IUCN - The World Conservation Union; the World Bank; the Convention on Biological Diversity;WorldFish Center; and the ICRI Secretariat, held by Mexico and USA. These meet voluntarily to provide guidance to the GCRMN.Direction for the GCRMN Management Group has been provided Carl Gustaf Lundin (Chair), and the GCRMN Chair of theScientific and Technical Advisory Committee, Bernard Salvat, assisted with manuscripts and advice on the format and structureof the report - we thank them all. The host of the GCRMN, the Reef and Rainforest Research Centre is specifically thanked.Support for the GCRMN primarily comes from the US Department of State and the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration via funds channelled through UNEP in Cambridge, The Hague and Nairobi. This support is critical for theoperation of the GCRMN and the publication of this Caribbean status report; thus special thanks go to those people involved. Wereceived funds to produce, print and distribute this book from: the Government of the USA (Department of State and NOAA);IUCN - The World Conservation Union; the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); WWF International, especially theoffices in Europe; the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO; Reef Check and the PADI Foundation; RRRC-Reef and Rainforest Research Centre; ICRAN and the Buccoo Reef Trust. Their assistance ensures that the book will be producedand provided free of charge to people around the world who are working to conserve coral reefs, often voluntarily.GCRMN Management GroupIOC-UNESCO –Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCOUNEP – United Nations Environment ProgrammeIUCN – The World Conservation Union (Chair)The World Bank, Environment DepartmentCBD – Convention on Biological DiversityAIMS – Australian Institute of Marine ScienceGBRMPA – Great Barrier Reef Marine Park AuthorityRRRC – Reef and Rainforest Research Centre (host)WorldFish Center and ReefBaseICRI Secretariat – Governments of USA and MexicoGCRMN Scientific and Technical Advisory Committee.GCRMN Operational PartnersReef Check Foundation, Los AngelesReefBase, WorldFish Center, PenangCORDIO – Coral Reef Degradation in the Indian OceanWorld Resources Institute, Washington DCNOAA – Socioeconomic Assessment group, Silver Springs.Major Financial Supporters* and other Supporters of this report* The Government of the USA, through the US Department of State, and* NOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration* UNEP – United Nations Environment Programme via USA counterpart fundsICRAN International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN) and Buccoo Reef Trust TobagoIOC-UNESCO - Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCOIUCN – the World Conservation Union, Gland SwitzerlandPADI Foundation and Reef Check, Los Angeles, USAWWF – Europeiv
Page 1 and 2: Stat u s o fCa r i b b e a nCo r a
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Status of Caribbean coral reefs after bleaching and hurricanes in 2005

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