Status of Caribbean coral reefs after bleaching and hurricanes in 2005

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Sponsoring Organisations, Coral Reef Programs and Monitoring Networksincludes 12 federal agencies responsible for coral reef conservation, 7 state and territory partners, and 3 freelyassociated states. The USCRTF adopted the U.S. National Action Plan to Conserve Coral Reefs in 2000, the firstU.S. plan to comprehensively address the most pressing threats to coral reefs. The Action Plan identifies twofundamental themes for immediate and sustained action: understand coral reef ecosystems and the natural andanthropogenic processes that determine their health and viability; and reduce the adverse impacts of humanactivities on coral reefs and associated ecosystems. The USCRTF launched initiatives to help implement theAction Plan, including developing 3-year Local Action Strategies in each jurisdiction to address key threats toreefs. Contact: U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Secretariat, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Officeof Response and Restoration, 1305 East-West Highway, N/ORR, Silver Spring, MD, 20910; www.coralreef.gov.U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATEThe State Department leads the United States in its relationships with foreign governments, internationalorganizations, and the people of other countries. Through its diplomatic efforts, the Department is dedicatedto creating a more secure, democratic and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and theinternational community. Within the Department, the Bureau of Oceans and International Environmentaland Scientific Affairs is responsible for advancing sustainable development and natural resource conservation,including actions related to coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems, through a wide variety of international treaties,organizations, initiatives and public-private partnerships. Contact: The U.S. Department of State, Bureauof Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Office of Ecology and Natural ResourceConservation, Room 4333, 2201 C Street N.W., Washington D.C., 20520; www.sdp.gov/sdp/initiative/icri.WORLD BANK – ENVIRONMENT DEPARTMENTThe World Bank is an international financial institution dedicated to the alleviation of poverty. The Environmentplays a crucial role in determining the physical and social well being of people. While poverty is exacerbatedby deteriorating conditions in land, water and air quality, economic growth and the well being of communitiesin much of the developing world, continues to depend on natural wealth and the production of environmentalgoods and services. As a result, the Bank is committed to integrating environmental sustainability into itsprograms, across sectors and regions and through its various financial instruments. Reducing vulnerability toclimate change, improving people’s health, and enhancing livelihoods through protecting ecosystem servicesand the environment are the hallmarks of the Bank’s Environment Strategy. Support for coral reef conservationand sustainable use is consistent with this theme, as it potentially affects hundreds of millions of people aroundthe world. The challenge for the Bank and its many partners in coral reef conservation, such as ICRI andGCRMN, will be to help communities capture the benefits from the sound management of coral reefs to meetimmediate needs, while at the same time ensuring the sustainability of these vital systems for generations tocome. For information on the Environment Department, contact: Marea Hatziolos, Environment Department,The World Bank, 1818 H St. NW, Washington, DC 20433 USA, Mhatziolos@worldbank.org; www.worldbank.org/icm; www.gefcoral.orgWORLDFISH CENTERFormerly known as ICLARM, it is committed to contributing to food security and poverty eradication in developingcountries. The efforts focus on benefiting poor people, and conserving aquatic resources and the environment.The organisation aims for poverty eradication; a healthier, better nourished human family; reduced pressureon fragile natural resources; and people-centered policies for sustainable development. WorldFish Center isan autonomous, non-governmental, non-profit organisation, established as an international center in 1977,with new headquarters in Penang, Malaysia and the focus for international efforts to tackle the major aquaticchallenges affecting the developing world and to demonstrate solutions to resources managers worldwide.Contact: PO Box 500 GPO, 10670 Penang, Malaysia. Jamie Oliver, l.oliver@cgiar.org; www.cgiar.org/iclarm/WRI - WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTEWRI is assisting coastal resource management and coral reef protection by providing comprehensiveinformation on threats to coral reefs, economic value of the goods and services and losses that will result fromreef degradation. The regional projects are implemented in close collaboration with partners, following themore-detailed global Reefs at Risk analysis from 1998. Reefs at Risk in Southeast Asia was released in 2002 and143
Status of Caribbean Coral Reefs after Bleaching and Hurricanes in 2005Reefs at Risk in the Caribbean in 2004, with the specific goals to: 1. improve the information base on threatsto, status of, and protection of coral reefs in a region, by collecting, improving, and integrating information; 2.model threats to coral reefs based on population and development patterns, land use change, and the locationand intensity of specific activities that degrade coral reefs; 3. develop a geographic information system (GIS)-based tool for local-level evaluation of development scenarios and related implications for coral reef health andeconomic value; 4. evaluate economic losses likely to result from coral reef degradation; and 5. raise awarenessof human threats to coral reefs through wide dissemination of project results. All data (including GIS datasets) are on www.reefsatrisk.wri.org. WRI is currently working on economic valuation of coral reefs in theEastern Caribbean and Belize. Contact: Lauretta Burke, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC 20002,USA: lauretta@wri.org or Emily Cooper, ecooper@wri.org.WWF – ‘t h e g l o b a l c o n s e r vat i o n o r g a n i z at i o n’WWF is one of the world’s largest and most experienced independent conservation organizations, with almost5 million supporters and a global network active in more than 100 countries. WWF’s mission is to stop thedegradation of the planet’s natural environment and build a future in which humans live in harmony withnature, by: conserving the world’s biological diversity; ensuring that the use of renewable natural resourcesis sustainable and promoting the reduction of pollution and wasteful consumption. Using our global scope,credibility, and expertise, WWF’s Global Marine Programme develops and advocates solutions for sustainablefishing and the creation and management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). As part of our efforts to supportwell-managed fisheries and stop destructive fishing practices, WWF promotes economic incentives, consumerinitiatives, and trade management measures that encourage sustainable fisheries. WWF has also been active incoral reef conservation since the early 1970s, carrying out over 100 related projects in more than 30 countries.Our work to redress the inadequate protection of our oceans, reefs and coasts involves; establishing andimplementing a network of ecologically representative, well-managed MPAs; improving the management andreducing external threats, such as climate change, to MPAs. Contact: Helen Fox, helen.fox@wwfus.org or LaraHansen, lara.hansen@wwfus.org, WWF, 1250 Twenty-Fourth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037; www.panda.org144
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Dedication: This book is dedicated
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Status of Coral Reefs in the Caribb
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3. Hu r r i ca n e s a n d t h e i
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Hurricanes and their Effect on Cora
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Hurricanes and their Effect on Cora
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4. Th e 2005 Bl e a c h i n g Ev e
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The 2005 Bleaching Event: Coral-Lis
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Coral Reefs of the U.S. Caribbean19
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7. Th e Effects o f Co r a l Bl e a
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Status of Caribbean coral reefs after bleaching and hurricanes in 2005

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