Antropomotoryka nr 57 [2012]. - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego ...

Helena Popławska, Krystyna Buchta, Agnieszka Dmitriukciała, na podstawie których obliczono wskaźnik BMI. Sprawność motoryczną określono za pomocą prób wchodzącychw skład testu Eurofit. Biorąc pod uwagę wykształcenie rodziców i dzietność rodzin, zarówno w 1998 jaki w 2007 roku, wydzielono dwie grupy, tj. o wysokim i niskim SES. Wartości parametrów somatycznych i wynikiprób motorycznych znormalizowano na średnią arytmetyczną i odchylenie standardowe w poszczególnych kategoriachwieku.Wyniki. W 1998, jak i w 2007 roku wyższymi wartościami unormowanymi wysokości, masy ciała i BMI charakteryzowalisię badani zaliczeni do grupy o wysokim SES. Jedynie u 17–18-latków z 2007 roku wyższe wartościwysokości i masy ciała zaobserwowano w grupie o niskim SES. W przypadku sprawności fizycznej w kategoriachwieku 10–11 oraz 17–18 lat wyższe wartości unormowane większości analizowanych prób motorycznychwystąpiły u chłopców z rodzin o niskim SES, zarówno w badaniach z 1998, jak i z 2007 roku. Natomiast w grupiewieku 14–15 lat w większości analizowanych prób motorycznych wyższe wartości unormowane zaobserwowanou chłopców z grupy o wysokim SES.Wnioski. Nie zaobserwowano wyraźnych zmian w oddziaływaniu zmiennych socjoekonomicznych na rozwójsomatyczny i sprawność motoryczną chłopców wiejskich z Lubelszczyzny w latach 1998–2007.IntroductionSociety’s changing living standards stimulate the needfor multivariate analysis of physical and motor developmentin children, adolescents, and adults. Typically, socioeconomic,ecological, and cultural factors are listedamongst environmental determinants of development.In the case of anthropological studies, the size andcharacter of social environment, parental educationlevel and profession, as well as the number of childrenper family are usually taken into account [1, 2, 3]. All ofthese factors can be identified objectively; furthermore,the results of a study based on the aforementionedcriteria can be assessed in view of other findings. Insome cases, other elements of the living environment,e.g., the size of the farm, family type, the form of child’svacation, as well as the sport activities of children andtheir families, are also considered as determinants ofmotor development in children and adolescents [4].In most well-developed countries, no observed effectsof the environmental variables on the developmentand physical capacity of children and adolescentshave been noted in the past several years. Thus, theso-called “biological classlessness” is postulated to occurin such countries [5, 6]. In contrast, disparities in thedegree of somatic development and physical fitness ofchildren and adolescents originating from groups characterizedby various socioeconomic statuses can stillbe observed in Poland. Many authors have noted thata superior economic status along with a higher levelof parental education and a lower number of childrenper family are associated with higher average valuesof somatic parameters in the representatives of a givensocial class [7, 8, 9]. However, the results of recentlypublished studies examining large city environmentspoint to a lack of significant social variable-dependentdifferences in the developmental parameters [10, 11,12].The research presented in this paper pertainedto children and adolescents from rural areas of theLubelszczyzna region. This region, at the end of the20th century, was characterized by the low educationallevels of its inhabitants and a high number of childrenper family. Furthermore, social inequities were observedin terms of somatic development and physicalfitness of children and adolescents from Lubelszczyzna[13, 14].The principal objective of this study was to answerthe following question: was there any variation on theimpact of the socioeconomic factors on the degree ofsomatic development and motor capacity in children andadolescents from the rural areas of the Lubelszczyznaregion in the 1998–2007 time period?Material and methodsThis cross-sectional study was performed in 1998 and2007, and included 547 (1998) and 484 (2007) boysfrom selected age categories, i.e., boys aged 10–11,14–15, and 17–18 years, corresponding to various educationallevels (primary, grammar, and secondary). Theparticipants attended rural schools located in northwesternLubelskie province. In 1998, the investigatedschools were selected at random from a register listingall rural schools, kindly provided by the Department ofEducation in Biała Podlaska, and in proportion to the totalnumber of schools of a given type in the former BiałaPodlaska province. The schools in Janów Podlaski,Klonownica, Konstantynów, Leśna Podlaska, andRokitno were selected. In 2007, the study was repeatedin the same schools. The survey intended to examineall school children whose parents expressed their con­– 104 –