Antropomotoryka nr 57 [2012]. - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego ...

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Anthropological evaluation of the influence of socio-economic factors on the development and physical fitness...and in 2007, the only exception pertaining to the bodyheight of 14- to 15-year-old boys who were examined in1998. In 1998, slightly higher values of somatic developmentparameters were documented in the group ofboys aged 17–18 years who were characterized by highSES. On the other hand, the intergroup SES-relateddifferences in body height and weight were markedlymore pronounced in 2007, and a reverse relationshipwas observed, i.e., individuals with lower SES werecharacterized by higher values of those parameters.The SES-related intergroup differences proved significantin categories of those aged 10–11 and 14–15years, more often in 2007 (Figures 1–3).When physical fitness was related to socioeconomicvariability, both in 1998 and in 2007, better normalizedresults of most analyzed tests were observed inboys aged 10–11 years and 17–18 years from familieswith lower SES. In contrast, such evident relationshipswere not observed in the category of 14–15-year-olds;however, in the case of the majority of the motor testsperformed in this group higher normalized values weredocumented in boys from the higher SES group. Themost pronounced differences between various socioeconomicgroups pertained to body flexibility and trunkstrength examined in 2007.DiscussionLubelszczyzna is one of the most eastern regions ofboth Poland and the European Union. This province isincluded in the group of provinces that are most endangeredby poverty and is characterized by low educationallevels of the rural population. At the end of the previouscentury, nearly 60% of rural inhabitants had onlyprimary or incomplete primary education; farmers withsecondary or post-secondary education correspondedto 13.4% of this population, whereas the correspondingfraction in Poland is 21.4% [18]. Additionally, the inhabitantsof this region were characterized by a high numberof children per family. More than 30% of families hadfour or more children [19]. Poland’s entrance into theEuropean Union markedly improved the economic situationof families living in this region. Moreover, a gradualimprovement with regards to the educational levelwas also observed; nevertheless, the level of educationis still below the country average [20].Families’ changing socioeconomic situation mayindirectly influence the level of somatic developmentand motor capacity of children and adolescents.However, our analysis did not reveal any considerablechanges in the effects of socioeconomic factors on thebiological development of boys from the rural areas ofLubelszczyzna studied in 1998 and in 2007. Boys fromfamilies with high SES are still characterized by highervalues of body height, body weight, and BMI as comparedto their peers from the low SES group. The onlyexception pertained to the participants from the oldestage category (aged 17–18 years) studied in 2007 inwhom higher values of body height and weight weredocumented in individuals originating from families withlow SES. However, Student’s t-test showed those differencesto be insignificant. The results published byTable 1. The structure of selected SES groups in the examined periodsYears of researchN in totalHigh SES statusLow SES statusN % N %X 210–11-year-olds1998 186 12 6.5 98 52.7 54.7*2007 195 54 27.7 38 19.514–15-year-olds1998 165 12 7.3 61 37.0 98.0*2007 181 80 44.2 9 5.017–18-year-olds1998 196 32 16.3 61 31.1 31.4*2007 108 39 36.1 8 7.4* – statistically significant dependence, p < 0.05– 109 –
Helena Popławska, Krystyna Buchta, Agnieszka DmitriukTable 2. Determinants of somatic features, motor abilities and flexibility – research from 1998*VariableFather’s level of educationMother’s level of educationBodyheightBodymassBMINumber of children 0.233 0.312 0.287Corrected R2 (%) 4.8 7.7 6.2Father’s level of educationMother’s level of educationFlexibility10–11-year-olds14–15-year-oldsExplosivepowerNumber of children 0.241 0.219 0.213Corrected R2 (%) 4.9 6.5 3.617–18-year-oldsTrunkstrengthAgilityFather’s level of education –0.165 –0.247 0.330Mother’s level of education 0.226 –0.219Number of childrenCorrected R2 (%) 1.0 5.1 9.0Speed ofupper limbmovement* – only statistically significant standardized beta coefficients are included in the tableTable 3. Determinants of somatic features, motor abilities and flexibility – research from 2007 *VariableBodyheightBodymassBMIFlexibility10–11-year-oldsExplosivepowerTrunkstrengthAgilityFather’s level of education 0.176 0.215 –0.215 –0.430 0.169Mother’s level of education 0.223 0.231Number of children –0.263Corrected R2 (%) 1.1 4.2 3.2 19.9 1.014–15-year-oldsFather’s level of education 0.245Mother’s level of education –0.166 –0.255Speed ofupper limbmovementNumber of children –0.163 –0.161Corrected R2 (%) 3.9 7.3 2.4Father’s level of educationMother’s level of education17–18-year-oldsNumber of children –0.264Corrected R2 (%) 8.4* – only statistically significant standardized beta coefficients are included in the tableStrzelczyk [21] suggest that an association betweenmaternal and paternal education and somatic characteristicsof children and adolescents from rural areasis weak. In the case of maternal education, positivecoefficients of correlation were documented solely inyounger girls (aged 7–10 years) with regards to bodyweight and height as well as chest and knee width.Additionally, paternal education was found to be cor– 110 –
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