Antropomotoryka nr 57 [2012]. - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego ...

Ewa Dybińska, Marcin Kaca, Magdalena ZagórskaIn experimental group the subject during eachlesson spent the last 8–10 minutes on individual (orin pairs) execution of exercises or a video recordingsstudy of a taught technique.Additionally, in the research the authors used “Testof Theoretical Knowledge” (TWT), diagnosing the levelof theoretical knowledge of students in the area ofknowing the structure and trajectory of crawl technique.The test, consisting of 6 questions, was conducted atthe beginning and at the end of the didactic process.Furthermore, in order to determine the level of anxietydeclared by the participants of the experiment theauthors posed a question (contained in the questionnaireof “Test of Theoretical Knowledge”):“Do you feel any anxiety during exercises in the water(for instance, discomfort during exercises in deepwater)?”• I am absolutely not afraid.• I am rather not afraid.• I am indifferent towards it.• I am rather afraid.• I am very afraid.The answers gained were examined by the Likertscale [28], whose purpose is to determine attitude andopinion. The analysis was done according to the followingcriteria:• strong negative attitude – answer “e” – 2 points,• indifferent attitude – answer “c” – 0 points,• strong positive attitude – answer “a” – 2 pointsThe material gathered was organized and subjectedto statistical and descriptive analysis. The results ofthe research were examined according to the followingstatistical tools:• Student’s t-test for independent samples – in thecase of determining differences in the level of masteringcrawl by the subjects (in groups E and K),• the Mann-Whitney U-test [29] in order to determinedifferences between groups E and K in the case ofdistribution of data differing from normal,• Spearman rank correlation in order to determine therelationship between the level of anxiety and swimmingskills of subjects.• optional repeated measures analysis in order toindicate differences (or lack of them) between theresults of swimming efficiency of research groupsE and K in pretest and posttest and the control ofchanges in the variable level.The authors used STATISCICA 6.0 software fromStatSoft in order to do statistical calculations.The results of the researchIn order to assess the level of swimming efficiencyin research groups, experimental (E) and control (K)“Criterial Test of Skills” was used, whose results wereexpressed by points. The results of the first research(pretest) and the second research (posttest) in experimentaland control group among women and men werepresented below.As it seems from the data presented in Table 2 andFigure 2, the level of swimming efficiency of the subjectswas equal at the beginning of the experiment becausethe results of pretest (Table 2) showed the lackof differences statistically significant between group Eand K, among both men and women.Table 2. Differences between pretest results in group E and K(women and men) – Student’s t-testGroupPretestF df PKM – EM 1.29 1. 52 0.260KK – EK 1.76 1. 34 0.193* P < 0.05, ** p < 0.0112108642010,1210,788,62EM KM EK KKFigure 2. Arithmetical average of pretest results: women andmen (KTU pts)During the analysis of the level of crawl in researchgroups E and K at the end of the experiment (posttest)it may be noted that in the conditions of “Criterial Testof Skills” among men no statistically significant differenceswere observed (Table 3, Fig. 3), while amongwomen (Table 4) significant differences did occur(p < 0.001).Then the authors made a comparison of changeswhich occurred between pretest and posttest in thearea of mastering crawl between experimental group7,9– 50 –