Antropomotoryka nr 57 [2012]. - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego ...

Dariusz Boguszewski, Katarzyna Boguszewska, Jakub Adamczykincreasedphysical activityreductionof consumptionof foodsaunaexercisesin specialclothesreductionof consumptionof liquidspharmacologicalmethodsothersFigure 1. Rapid weight loss methodsamount and frequency of food, limiting the consumptionof liquids, intensified physical effort, sauna, exercisingin special sweat-resistant suits, and pharmacologicalmethods. All participants indicated limiting eating asthe main way of RBW. Over half of the participants alsodeclared reduced consumption of liquids (3 juniors and7 seniors), as well as increased physical efforts (4 juniors,5 seniors). Exercising in special, sweat-resistantsuits was practiced by nearly half the participants (3 juniorsand 4 seniors). About one-third of the participantsused sauna (1 junior, 4 seniors), and pharmacologicalproducts were used by 2 seniors. The longest appliedmethod (average 8.75 days) was increased physical effort(juniors, 7.8 days; seniors, 9.5 days), reducing consumptionof meals (juniors, 6.2 days; seniors, 6.9 days),and sauna (juniors, 6 days; seniors, 6.5 days).Most of the contenders felt negative effects dueto body weight reduction. Among the most often mentionednegative effects of RBW were: lowered endurancelevels (it referred to all juniors and 6 seniors) andworse physical and mental state (half of the juniors and8 seniors). Most of the juniors and half of the seniorscomplained also of decreased levels of strength.Fewer than half of the participants (2 juniors and5 seniors) tried to find a way to minimize the negativeeffects of pre-competitive body weight reduction. Dietsupplements were used in this case.The results of the test of the force of lower limbsin the group of those who did not reduce body weightshowed slight oscillations in successive trials. The majority(7 juniors and 2 seniors) achieved worse results inthe second attempt than in the first one. The contendersreducing their body weight achieved worse results1 day before the competition than 2 weeks earlier. Thedifference was p = 0.043 among juniors, and p = 0.057among seniors (Fig. 2).Figure 2. Average results of the long jump of juniors and seniors,reducing and non-reducing body weight (* significanceat p < 0.05)Results of the dynamic force test of the lower limbsand torso were less diversified, although here also themajority (10 juniors and 5 seniors) achieved worse resultsduring the second measurement. The greatestdifferences (p = 0.025) were noted in the group of theseniors reducing body weight (Fig. 3).Assessing the psychological condition measuredwith Spielberger’s questionnaire indicated slight differencesof the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) values– 30 –