Antropomotoryka nr 57 [2012]. - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego ...

Ewa Dybińska, Marcin Kaca, Magdalena ZagórskaIn the research done a technique of parallel groupswas used, distinguishing two comparative groups: experimental(E) and control (K).Before the beginning of the experiment the studentswere divided by the means of randomization technique[22] on research groups as follows:• experimental group (E) consisted of 54 people, including26 women (EK) and 28 men (EM),• control group (K) consisted of 50 people, including24 women (KK) and 26 men (KM).The aim of the teaching method and mastering swimmingskills was learning crawl methods on a standardlevel by the students. Taking into account the fact thatthe students willing to study at the University School ofPhysical Education had gained basic swimming skills (onthe level of swimming 50 meters using any technique),the majority of them did not indicate the starting point“zero”. However in the research concerning masteringcrawl the subjects taken into account were the ones withthe same (equal) level of starting skills. It formed a dependentvariable in the experiment results of masteringthe level of crawl in research groups (E, K).An operand, that is the experimental factor in theresearch done, was the method of teaching consistingin influencing the cognitive sphere with the use ofenhanced transfer of visual and verbal information inexperimental group (E) in relation to traditional didacticactivities in control group (K).To assess the results of the influence of experimentalfactor there were measurements done in bothgroups (E and K) of size of dependent variables (thelevel of swimming skills):• in the first research – pretest – at the beginning ofthe teaching process,• in the second research – posttest – at the end of theprocess.Conditions of realization of the experiment in bothgroups (E and K) were the same. The contents ofteaching included the same agenda premises whichwere accomplished within 6 forty-five minute lessons(once a week) taught by teachers with the same professionalcompetence and comparable work experience.Throughout the experiment on experimental groups thesame students took part in all classes. Furthermore, theprocess of teaching, which was under constant observation,was accomplished in the form of exercises in thewater. The above process was mainly in direct and taskform and with the use of different teaching methodology:partial, integrated and partial-integrated.In the analysis the only subjects taken into accountwere those (both men and women) whose attendancewas over 75%.Furthermore, in order to eliminate the potential influenceof mediating (intervening) variables on the result ofthe experiment (for the efficiency of the process of learningand teaching motor skills), the level of motor skills and thelevel of intelligence, the assessment of size of variablesamong the subjects were under careful observation.By the means of properly selected tests [24] theauthors assessed the level of coordinating motor skills(KZM) such as: the speed of arm movement, static balance,the ability of kinetic diversification, the ability ofquick reaction, the ability of rhythmization, the ability oflinking movements and the structural-functional ability,that is suppleness.Then, with the use of “Raven” test in the adult version[25] the authors assessed the level of intelligenceof the subjects. The interpretation of the test was doneby a psychologist and academic of the UniversitySchool of Physical Education in Cracow.In the experiment shown (while selecting studentsto experimental groups) the only people taken intoaccount were both men and women, who presentedsimilar level of mediating variables, that did not showstatistically significant differences in the level of motor(coordination) skills and the level of intelligence.In order to assess the level of crawl skills the authorsused “Criterial Test of Skills” [26] focused on scor­Table 1. Basic statistical parameters of pretest results of women and men (KTU pts)Group x – SD Min Max V %EM 10.12 2.16 6 13 21.34KM 10.78 2.11 5 14 19.57EK 8.62 1.64 5 10 19.02KK 7.90 1.57 5 10 19.87– 48 –