Antropomotoryka nr 57 [2012]. - Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego ...

The influence of visual and verbal information transfer on the effectiveness of learning and mastering swimming...the structure of activity, its components, their order andconnections between them, but also a way to approachto the goal, that is getting to know a given algorithm ofdecision and activities which every student should do.Thanks to above-mentioned the student has the opportunityto create a mental plan and program of activitiesin accordance with a given algorithm. The condition ofmeeting the criterion is slowing down the image (e.g.film image presented in slow motion) [7, 20].The basis for improving the educational process isalso stimulating for student’s involvement. Consequentlyone will aim at self-improvement and self-correction,and furthermore would observe one’s skills and objectivelywould assess them. It will create a sense ofresponsibility for the progress of education having animpact on active participation in the didactic processof teaching and learning. There is an important part onthe side of a teacher, who should do everything that ispossible in order to help the student to get to know hisor her abilities, the needs for physical activity and todetermine behaviors contributing to its realization. Theprocedure enables mutual creation of didactic behaviorin accordance with the needs and individual aims of thestudent. The information conveyed in order to make thestudent realize his or her errors in doing a particularactivity should be formed in an easy way with the useof the newest methods of transferring the knowledge,such as audiovisual aids [21].In aim to improve the didactic process there hasbeen done a constant search for efficient methodsof learning and teaching motor skills. The majority ofpublications (in both Polish and foreign literature) onteaching motor skills or patterns of didactic behavior isbased on observations without formulating particularconclusions or introducing changes in the process. Thelesser part constitutes of publications based on experimentalresearch considered as the basis for improvingdidactics [8, 9, 17] through making constructive andbold changes in the process. The issue of the search ofsuch improvements inspired the authors of the paper todo research on the importance of transfer of visual andverbal information on the effectiveness of learning andteaching motor skills on the example of swimming.Aim of the studyThe basic aim of the paper was an attempt to determinethe importance of the transfer of visual and verbal informationon the cognitive sphere in the process of learningand teaching, and improving swimming skills (on theexample of crawl) among the students at the UniversitySchool of Physical Education in Cracow.On account of the main aim of the thesis, the followingresearch questions were posed:1. What is the level of learning swimming skills (ofcrawl) that the students have shown after the endof the training?2. Is there a connection between the applied methodof learning, teaching and mastering swimming skills,based on the increase of visual verbal information,and the effectiveness of mastering the swimmingtechnique by the subjects?3. Is there a difference in the effectiveness of acquiringswimming skills in relation to a given method ofteaching taking into account the factor of gender?The hypothesisThe method of learning, teaching and mastering swimmingskills based on the enhanced transfer of visualand verbal information has a significantly larger influenceon the effectiveness of mastering crawl than thestandard method.Material and research methodsThe research was done in the academic year 2008/2009among the first-year students at the University Schoolof Physical Education in Cracow. There were 104 subjectsin total, 50 women and 54 men.Being a part of an extensive project, the presentedstudy was conducted in accordance with theSupervised Postgraduate Research Project, registeredas 241/KTiMSW/2008 in the academic year 2008/2009.In this paper the authors presented chosen areas of theresearch, focusing the readers’ interest on learning andteaching crawl.In the research the authors used the method of naturalpedagogical experiment [22] “In science the termdescribes a group of activities consisting in examininga given phenomenon or process by causing or changingits course through implementation of some newfactor” [23, p. 87]. Pedagogical experiment is a typicalform of natural experiment. It is a method which dealswith deliberately evoked pedagogical phenomena incontrolled conditions in order to get to know them. Inexperimental research a given situation is caused in orderto get to know connections between experimentalfactor, that is an operand, and changes which occurredunder its influence (a dependent variable).– 47 –