Final Program EXPRES 2012 - Conferences

environmental protection and global warming, theenergy demands of buildings must be much lower. Thespecific heating power should be under 25 W/m3.III. MODERN FACADESThe advances of High Tech in the building sector,intelligent buildings, air-conditioning systems, newmaterials and building’s technologies, including glasstechnologies, have opened great possibilities inrealising the importance of and expressing architecturalvision, imagination, new ideas, but have also limitingenergy aspects, ecological situation, environmentprotection, sustainability or Green Building directions.The new architectural era, with computer modellingand building simulation have enabled us to analyse abuilding in its real life, predicting its dynamicbehaviour and estimating it’s energy consumption,indoor air quality, lighting, even in the projectingperiod, when building’s design is in it’s initial phase.IV. GREEN BUILDING CONCEPT AS THE FIRSTSTEP TO ZERO ENERGY BUILDINGSAs it is underlined in the ASHRAE Green Guide,the broad characteristics of good building design,encompassing both the engineering and nonengineering disciplines, might be briefly outlined asfollows: It meets the purpose and needs of thebuilding’s owners/managers and occupants, meets therequirements of health, safety and environmentalimpact as prescribed and by codes and recommendedby consensus standards Achieves good indoorenvironment quality which in turn encompasses highquality in the following dimensions: thermal comfort,indoor air quality, acoustical and visual comfort. Theyare compatible with and respectful of thecharacteristics, history, and culture of the closestsurroundings, and create the intended emotional impacton the building’s occupants and beholders.A green design proponent might be add to theabove list of the items concerning energyconservation, environmental impact, low impactemissions, and waste disposal – those verycharacteristics that are incorporated in the foregoingdefinition of green design. While this may be truesomeday, we are not there yet. There are plenty ofdesigns being built today in our region that exhibit fewor no green design characteristics. Many of these arestill characterized as well-designed buildings - largelybecause the generally accepted characteristics of gooddesign do not (at least do not yet) incorporate those ofgreen design. In summary, there are a lot of welldesigned buildings, but not exactly with all greenbuildings characteristics.The green building concept towards buildingenvelope is based on the fact that envelopes areprotecting occupants from the outside weather’sinfluence, and when it is feasible, letting its goodaspects in. Its design is a key factor that defines howwell a building and its occupants perform. Access tooutdoor views and natural light has positivepsychological and physiological effects upon thebuilding’s occupants. Analysis of the building envelopeutilizing day-lighting simulations programs can help anoptimization of building geometry, define glazingcharacteristics and provide information needed inperforming an energy analysis of the facility(ASHRAE Green Guide).V. DOUBLE BUILDIG’S FACADESFrom a “static mass” the architecture produces“adaptive” building structure, with an envelope as askin moderating heat flows. A building presents a fullyintegrated, intelligent adaptable structure, both in termsof the used material’s, their fabric, locations,information technologies and all building operationsystems. With the central control system, building’sintelligence and with defaulted values concerningenergy systems, buildings are getting characteristic ofa human body, at least in regard to the reaction tothermal conditions - but in which degree? .In a cold environment, a human body reacts bylowering blood an additional protective covercirculation toward the skin surface by the blood vesselstightening, thus conserving body’s heat and controllingit’s heat losses. That is an instinctive reaction, defaultattribute, without any conscious possibility to influenceit. But a man can improve the condition by dressings,adding thus over his body, above his skin, andacquiring thus better insulation. This human way ofadditional protection can be applied on buildings. Whycan’t they be covered with movable covers, in winter toprotect them from the wind and low outsidetemperature, and in summer from the sun, in order toreduce heat gains from the solar radiation, and soreduce the necessary energy for its air conditioning.Maybe a kind of automatic lowered shades? Orcovering a building with a second façade?There are buildings today with such doubledprotection, mostly static, like a “pullover” or a “wintercoat” on a man. Those are the double-facade buildings– additional cover is added to the main façade, usuallymade of glass. A double façade in the summer could beprotection from the sun.A winter coat or a pullover is changed by a lightmaterial blouse of the bigger size, roomy over thebody, so that the air may circulate next to the body andcool it, enabling the body to transfer a heat out of abody.In the double façade, various forms of shades,curtains, or similar devices, are put in the inter-spacefor the sun-protection, though a passage must beprovided for the outside air circulation, so that theinter-space temperatures may be as close as possible, ifnot identical, with the outside temperature.From the constructional point of view, a doublefaçadeouter envelope may be continuously extendedby covering the total height of a building, ordiscontinued with breaks at each floor level.Disregarding the height, the inter-space is opened bothat the bottom and at the top, thus providing the outdoor9