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Fig. 8. Screenshot of the generator measurementFig. 6. The test microCHP systemWe built a test microCHP with the following parameters:• used car engine, former GDR produced Wartburg 1.3VW-Engine, 43 kW (58 HP) for gasoline and LPG• 7,5 kW 3 phase squirrel cage induction• resistors for starting / synchronization• connection to 3 phase 230/400 V AC 50 Hz utilitynetwork• 12 V DC battery for the self start and for DC outputThe material cost of the devices was approx. 2000 USD. Anew device’s price in the same power range is over 20 000USD.Fig. 9. Measurements of gas operationThe electrical measurements showed that an electronically notcontrolled “natural” induction motor consumes a lot ofreactive power. In the next measurements we shall investigatethe simple condenser compensation, de free run operation andthe island mode start too.The thermal data were monitored by Sontex Supercal 531device, the energy fed back by a traditional Ferraris-wheelenergy meter.Fig. 7. The demonstrational microCHPThe first rough measurements brought the expected results.The output power is closely linear function of the speed.The demonstration device operates but some questions are leftopen:• emission control – in the future we are going to run thisdevice by natural gas that limits the harmful emission.The CO content must be controlled.• lubrication oil consumption• long term operation – we have no long-term agingexperiences, but the low speed (1500 RPM) spares the carengine (peak power about at 3500 RPM)Present development:• Power regulation – in order to control the power output bythe RPM (approx. 0-3% of over speed) a fine speed112
control and stabilizer must be developed for the constantoutput. Also the over-speed protection functions must besolved in case of the load drop.• Reactive power compensation – because we applied asquirrel cage induction motor, the internal voltage is overthe nominal voltage so the machine’s iron core can becloser to the magnetic saturation. This is one cause whyour motor has relatively high reactive powerconsumption. The appropriate compensation method isunder investigation.• Other fuel (biogas) [18]• Appropriate heat isolating casing – the electricalefficiency has not great importance, because the heat lossis used. The leaking heat must be caught by specialcoating and a cooling system.• Remote control – the microCHP can operate as memberof the virtual power plant. That is why it must be remotelycontrolled or at least remotely started/stoppedVI. CONCLUSIONComparing the heat pump and the microCHP the last one hasmore energetic advantages. Also the CO 2 emission isfavourable. It is recommendable to all gas heated householdboiler positions. By spreading over these devices themanufacturing costs decrease. We demonstrated that theseappliances can be built also by second hand car engine too.We thank the laboratory support of Zoltán Pálfi, professor ofÓbuda University. The work was supported by ÓbudaUniversity Research Found.REFERENCES[1] Takahiro Kasuh, “Development strategies toward promotion andexpansion of residential fuel cell micro-CHP system in Japan”http://www.igu.org/html/wgc2009/papers/docs/wgcFinal00801.pdf[2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro_combined_heat_and_power, 2009[3] Senertec GmbH http://www.triecoenergy.com/chp.html[4] Micro-CHP: Coming to a Home Near You?http://www.esource.com/esource/getpub/public/pdf/04MicroCHPResultsFlyer.pdf[5] State-of-the-art Micro CHP systems, Final report(EIE/04/252/S07.38608), Austrian Energy Agency, Vienna, March 2006[6] Steve Ducker: MicroCHP market report,http://www.voltimum.co.uk/news/3826/s/MicroCHP-market-report.html[7] EPIC – SAIC: San Diego Smart Grid Study, Final Report, October 2006,http://www.ilgridplan.org/Shared%20Documents/San%20Diego%20Smart%20Grid%20Study.pdf[8] Energia Központ, http://www.e-villamos.hu/nyomtat.php?id=1061 Keyindices of electricity sales in the framework of feed-in obligation in 2010http://www.eh.gov.hu/gcpdocs/201009/2010_1_kat_jelentes.pdf[9] Will McNamara & John Holt, The Utility of the Future KEMA -Perspectives and Observationshttp://emmos.org/prevconf/2009/Training%20A%20-%20KEMA%20UoF.pdf[10] Cars produced in the world http://www.worldometers.info/cars/ bymarch 2011[11] Commercial micro-CHP Field Trial Report, 2011 Report; SustainableEnergy Authority of Ireland;http://www.seai.ie/Publications/Your_Business_Publications/Commercial_micro-CHP_Field_Trial_Report.pdf[12] Philip Fairey, Danny Parker, Bruce Wilcox and Mathew Lombardi:Climate Impacts on Heating Seasonal PerformanceFactor (HSPF) and Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) for AirSource Heat Pumps; FSEC-PF-413-04;http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/publications/html/FSEC-PF-413-04/[13] ifj. Jászay Tamás, Dülk Marcell: Megtakarítási lehetőségek vizsgálata amagyar háztartások energiafelhasználásában; in Hungarian, www.evillamos.huportál.[14] http://www.cylex-tudakozo.hu/ceg-info/els%C5%91-magyarf%C3%B6ldg%C3%A1z--%C3%A9s-energiakereskedelmi-%C3%A9sszolg%C3%A1ltat%C3%B3-kft--39610.html[15] http://www.vencoair.com/How-Heat-Pump-work-31.htm[16] Magyar Gázipari Vállakozók Egyesületének hírlevele,8. szám / 2010:Gondolatok a földgázról, mint energiahordozóról, valamint a földgázelfogadottságának és presztízsének növeléséről;http://www.mgve.hu/hirlevel_8.php[17] Statistics of the Hungarian Power System, 2008; www.mvm.hu[18] Viktória Barbara Kovács, Attila Meggyes; Energetic Utilisation ofPyrolysis Gases in IC Engine; Acta Polytechnica Hungarica Vol. 6, No.4, 2009, pp. 157-159113
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4 4 th IEEE International Symposium
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EXPRES 20124 th International Sympo
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Application of Thermopile Technolog
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Design of a Solar Hybrid System....
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environmental protection and global
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But can we use the human body sweat
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IX. REFERENCES[1] Todorovic B. Cvje
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Analysis of the Energy-Optimum of H
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V. OBJECTIVE FUNCTIONThe objective
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The Set-Up Geometry of Sun Collecto
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continuous east-west sun collector
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continuously measure the thermal ch
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CEvaluation of measurement resultsA
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Application of Thermopile Technolog
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Temperature of the components [C]90
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nighttime, to weather or to the cha
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use may be advantageous not only in
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To find the reasons for this disagr
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Toward Future: Positive Net-Energy
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EnergyPlus environment, we used mod
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To keep future energy consumption d
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A New Calculation Method to Analyse
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On Fig. 3. can be seen the areas th
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Present and Future of Geothermal En
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