Promoting Green Power in Canada - Centre for Human Settlements

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Promoting Green Power in Canada Pollution ProbeList of AcronymsCHPCombined Heat and PowerNFFONon-Fossil Fuels ObligationCRCEDEREPACanadian RenewableConservation ExpenseDiscrete Emission ReductionEnvironmental Protection Agency(US)NFPANRCanPVRECNon Fossil Purchasing AgencyNatural Resources CanadaPhotovoltaicRenewable Energy CertificateEPSEmission Performance StandardRFPRequest For ProposalEPTEUGPGPSIPPIRREnergy Payback TimeEuropean UnionGreen PowerGeneration Performance StandardIndependent Power ProducerInternal Rate of ReturnROCROORPSR&DSBCWPPIRenewables Obligation Certificate(UK)Renewables Obligation OrderRenewable Portfolio StandardResearch and DevelopmentSystem Benefits ChargeWind Power Production Incentiveiii
Promoting Green Power in Canada Pollution ProbeExecutive SummaryThis report examines and assesses policyinitiatives in countries that have implementedstrategies to promote the development ofgreen power markets and renewableelectricity generation capacity. The reportcontains a large amount of information onpolicies and incentives that may be effectiveand appropriate for implementation inCanada.The research included documenting andanalyzing literature on the subject,exchanging information via targeted e-mails,and making phone calls to a number ofexperts in the field. In addition, in-houseresearch was carried out by Pollution Probein order to apply the study findings to theCanadian renewable energy situation.The key findings of the report are:• Canada has a large resource base uponwhich to produce renewable power. Manyrenewable power projects would befeasible at 2 cents per kilowatt hourabove the price of electricity fromcombined cycle natural gas plants.• Many options to bridge this financial gapcould be implemented by Canadiangovernments. For example, providing taxincentives or increasing and broadeningthe Wind Power Production Incentivecould reduce the price of renewableelectricity enough to make it competitivewith conventional energy sources.• Voluntary initiatives, such as green powermarketing or green pricing, haveimportant roles to play, but have limitedeffects on the deployment of newrenewable energy generation capacity.• Meaningful and stable policies, such as aRenewable Portfolio Standard, arenecessary to create long-term markets forrenewable power. These policies need tobe accompanied by other measures orincentives to be successful — no singlepolicy can overcome all of the barriers tocausing a shift in Canada’s energyplanning.The main recommendations are:• The federal government should set anational renewable energy portfoliotarget, which can be achieved throughcooperation with provincial policies,such as provincial renewable portfoliostandards and renewable energycertificate trading.• The federal government should increasethe Wind Power Production Incentiveand broaden it to include all non-largehydro renewable power technologies, soas to match or surpass the support thatsuch projects enjoy in the United States.• Additional financial measures, such asbroadening the Canadian RenewableConservation Expense to include capitalinvestment cost, are highly recommendedin order to make the renewable powersector financially more viable.• To facilitate the development ofrenewable energy sources, a nationaleffort is needed to identify Canada’spotential renewable energy sources.iv
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