Promoting Green Power in Canada - Centre for Human Settlements

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Promoting Green Power in Canada Pollution ProbeTable 3.4 — Estimated Contributions to EU Energy Supply, by Sector, in 2010 [DTI-EU]Energy Source Contribution in 1995 Contribution in 2010Wind 2.5 GW 40 GWHydro 92 GW 105 GW- large (82.5 GW) (91 GW)- small (9.5 GW) (14 GW)PV 0.03 GW p 3 GW pBiomass 44.8 Mtoe 135 MtoeGeothermal- electricity 0.5 GW 1 GW- heat (incl. heat pumps) 1.3 GW 5 GWSolar thermal collectors 6.5 million m 2 100 million m 2Passive solar35 MtoeOthers1 GWGW p : Gigawatts peak (capacity at peak radiation)Strategy and Action Plan. Concentrating onthe PV, wind and biomass sectors, theCampaign aims to accelerate the developmentof the Strategy in its early stages (to the year2003) by stimulating increased privateinvestment in renewables, with an emphasison near-market technologies. The followingdeployment objectives will be pursued duringthe Campaign: 1,000,000 PV systems; 15million m 2 of solar collectors; 10,000 MW ofwind turbines; 10,000 MW thof combined heatand power biomass installations; 1,000,000dwellings heated by biomass; 1,000 MW ofbiogas installations; 5 million tonnes ofliquid biofuels. Investment opportunitieswill be highlighted by promotional activitiesfocusing on the key sectors, and nationaland EU programmes and schemes willtrigger and complement private capital.It is estimated that the Campaign will requireFigure 3.11 — Share of Renewable Energy in European Electricity Production(blue: large hydro >10 MW; orange: all other sources) [Haas 2001, p. 7]36
Promoting Green Power in Canada Pollution Probeinvestment funding of around €30 billion intotal, with 75–80% coming from privatesources. Much of the necessary public fundingis already in hand, mainly at the nationallevel, but also from EU programs. The EUALTENER program (a funding program foralternative energy) will be the mainpromotional tool for the Campaign. Indeed,ALTENER forms the basic instrument forimplementing the Action Plan. As a whole,ALTENER will continue to support: thedevelopment of sectoral market strategies, atnational, regional and local levels; theestablishment of information and educationinfrastructures; the development of newmarket and financial instruments; andinformation dissemination activities.In October 2001, the EU Directive on thepromotion of electricity from renewables inthe internal electricity market was passed[EU 2001]. The key features of the Directiveare the following:• Member States are required to adoptnational targets for renewables that areconsistent with reaching theCommission’s overall target of 12% ofenergy (and 22.1% of electricity) fromrenewables by 2010; for example, theindicative target that the proposal sets forthe UK is 10% of electricity (see Figures3.12 and 3.13).• The Commission will monitor progressand propose “individual and mandatorynational targets,” if needed.• Introduction of a European system of“certification of origin” for renewables.• Support schemes for renewables are leftto Member States, but the Commissionmay propose harmonization at a laterdate, in case the set targets are not met.• Member States have to ensuretransmission and distribution fromrenewable electricity sources, and shouldgive these sources priority access to theelectricity grid.Figure 3.12 — Actual Electricity Productionfrom Renewables in EU Countries in 1997Figure 3.13 — Indicative RenewableElectricity Production Targets for EUCountries for 2010 (including existing largehydro resources)37
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