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Sartre's second century

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Literature and Philosophy in <strong>Sartre's</strong> Early Writings 41<br />

Sartre describes a small provincial town as a symbol of hell on earth:<br />

everywhere manners mask violence, cowardice, cynicism, cruelty, and<br />

cupidity.<br />

The Influence of Metaphysics on the Early<br />

Phenomenological Works<br />

Written in Berlin, The Transcendence of the Ego and "A Fundamental<br />

Idea of Husserlian Phenomenology: Intentionality" are two proper<br />

philosophical works using the rigorous Husserlian method of<br />

transcendental reduction. The challenge is to display a transcendental<br />

phenomenology inspired by Husserl, but simultaneously criticising<br />

HusserPs Logical Investigations, the first volume of Ideas and the<br />

Cartesian Meditations, But the way Sartre works in Berlin is very<br />

interesting.<br />

In the film made in 1972 by Alexandre Astruc and Michel Contat, 29<br />

Sartre explains that when he was in Berlin he worked at his philosophical<br />

works in the morning and that in the afternoon he settled down to his<br />

literary task, that is to say, he tried to rewrite his "pamphlet about<br />

contingency", which was to be published later in 1938 under the title,<br />

Nausea. <strong>Sartre's</strong> schedule is significant. It would be misleading to claim<br />

that he mixes his two activities. For him, the ways of writing philosophy<br />

and literature are essentially different, as he clearly explained in 1975:<br />

In philosophy, every sentence should have only one meaning. [...] In<br />

literature, which in some way always has to do with what has been<br />

experienced [vecu], nothing that I say is totally expressed by what I say.<br />

The same reality can be expressed in a practically infinite number of<br />

ways. 30<br />

This is the main reason why there is a sharp contrast between the<br />

philosophical and the literary manuscripts: all of the philosophical<br />

manuscripts are written in one go; on the other hand, the literary<br />

manuscripts are scratched out, erased and rewritten many times.<br />

Nevertheless, the fact remains that there is a connection between<br />

philosophy and literature in the early works of Sartre, especially in the<br />

works of the mid-1930s. For example, in the "pamphlet on contingency",<br />

Roquentin's adventures express two metaphysical convictions that are not<br />

assumed as such by the phenomenologist because they are in principle<br />

Sartre, unfilm, 44.<br />

Sartre, "Self-Portrait at Seventy", 7-8.

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