6/5/2012“One problem to resolve in crocodile watching istransportation. How can an observer get closeenough to watch without scaring it away or beingattacked. One technique is telescopic cameras.”Problem / SolutionType: _____________________“We observed <strong>the</strong> crocodile as it stalked a raccoonmoving through <strong>the</strong> moonlight toward <strong>the</strong> edge <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>water. But as a result <strong>of</strong> a noise we made, <strong>the</strong> raccoonran away, and thus <strong>the</strong> crocodile was unable to make asuccessful hunt.”Cause / EffectType: _____________________“Archaelogists have helped us to understand thatevolution <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> crocodile began with its ability to moveon land or water. Then, its vision developed to make it amore powerful killer. Next, its body strength evolved…”Type: _____________________SequenceTypeProblem / SolutionCause / EffectComparison / ContrastSequenceDescriptionKey WordsProblem, dilemma, if/<strong>the</strong>n,because, possibly,alternativeAs a result, since,<strong>the</strong>refore, hence, due to,thus, this led toJust like, similarly, also,alike, same as, however, incontrast, on <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>rhandFirst, second, third, next,last, finally, after, when,<strong>the</strong>n, nowFor example, to illustrate,for instance, such as, like,includingRead <strong>the</strong> following expository text, on tattoos,and answer <strong>the</strong> questionsThe word tattoo comes from <strong>the</strong> Tahitian “tatu” which means“to mark something.” It is arguably claimed that tattooing hasexisted since 12,000 years BC. The purpose <strong>of</strong> tattooing variesfrom culture to culture and its place on <strong>the</strong> timeline. But <strong>the</strong>reare commonalities from <strong>the</strong> earliest known tattoos to thosebeing done on college students in Manila today. From <strong>the</strong>beginning, tattoos have always had an important role in ritualand tradition. In Borneo, women tattooed <strong>the</strong>ir forearmsindicating <strong>the</strong>ir particular skill. If a woman wore a symbolindicating she was a skilled weaver, her status as primemarriageable material was increased. Tattoos around <strong>the</strong> wristand fingers were believed to ward away illness. Throughouthistory tattoos have signified membership in a clan or society.Even today groups from gangs to secret societies tattoo <strong>the</strong>irparticular group symbol to show unity.2
6/5/20121. The tone <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> passageis:(a) Persuasive(b) Reflective(c) Informative (d) AnalyticalThe word tattoo comes from <strong>the</strong> Tahitian“tatu” which means “to mark something.” Itis arguably claimed that tattooing hasexisted since 12,000 years BC. The purpose <strong>of</strong>tattooing varies from culture to culture andits place on <strong>the</strong> timeline. But <strong>the</strong>re arecommonalities from <strong>the</strong> earliest knowntattoos to those being done on collegestudents in Manila today. From <strong>the</strong>beginning, tattoos have always had animportant role in ritual and tradition. InBorneo, women tattooed <strong>the</strong>ir forearmsindicating <strong>the</strong>ir particular skill. If a womanwore a symbol indicating she was a skilledweaver, her status as prime marriageablematerial was increased. Tattoos around <strong>the</strong>wrist and fingers were believed to ward awayillness. Throughout history tattoos havesignified membership in a clan or society.Even today groups from gangs to secretsocieties tattoo <strong>the</strong>ir particular group symbolto show unity.2. The diction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>passage is:(a) Informal(b) Formal (c) Slang(d) UngrammaticalThe word tattoo comes from <strong>the</strong> Tahitian“tatu” which means “to mark something.” Itis arguably claimed that tattooing hasexisted since 12,000 years BC. The purpose <strong>of</strong>tattooing varies from culture to culture andits place on <strong>the</strong> timeline. But <strong>the</strong>re arecommonalities from <strong>the</strong> earliest knowntattoos to those being done on collegestudents in Manila today. From <strong>the</strong>beginning, tattoos have always had animportant role in ritual and tradition. InBorneo, women tattooed <strong>the</strong>ir forearmsindicating <strong>the</strong>ir particular skill. If a womanwore a symbol indicating she was a skilledweaver, her status as prime marriageablematerial was increased. Tattoos around <strong>the</strong>wrist and fingers were believed to ward awayillness. Throughout history tattoos havesignified membership in a clan or society.Even today groups from gangs to secretsocieties tattoo <strong>the</strong>ir particular group symbolto show unity.3. The speaker <strong>of</strong><strong>the</strong> passage is mostlikely a:(a) Researcher (b) Storyteller(c) Tattoo artist(d) CriminalThe word tattoo comes from <strong>the</strong> Tahitian“tatu” which means “to mark something.” Itis arguably claimed that tattooing hasexisted since 12,000 years BC. The purpose <strong>of</strong>tattooing varies from culture to culture andits place on <strong>the</strong> timeline. But <strong>the</strong>re arecommonalities from <strong>the</strong> earliest knowntattoos to those being done on collegestudents in Manila today. From <strong>the</strong>beginning, tattoos have always had animportant role in ritual and tradition. InBorneo, women tattooed <strong>the</strong>ir forearmsindicating <strong>the</strong>ir particular skill. If a womanwore a symbol indicating she was a skilledweaver, her status as prime marriageablematerial was increased. Tattoos around <strong>the</strong>wrist and fingers were believed to ward awayillness. Throughout history tattoos havesignified membership in a clan or society.Even today groups from gangs to secretsocieties tattoo <strong>the</strong>ir particular group symbolto show unity.4. Based on <strong>the</strong>structure <strong>of</strong> thisintroduction, <strong>the</strong>following paragraphswould be organized:(a) to describe types <strong>of</strong>tattoos(b) in chronologicalorder(c) describing tattootechniquesThe word tattoo comes from <strong>the</strong> Tahitian“tatu” which means “to mark something.” Itis arguably claimed that tattooing hasexisted since 12,000 years BC. The purpose <strong>of</strong>tattooing varies from culture to culture andits place on <strong>the</strong> timeline. But <strong>the</strong>re arecommonalities from <strong>the</strong> earliest knowntattoos to those being done on collegestudents in Manila today. From <strong>the</strong>beginning, tattoos have always had animportant role in ritual and tradition. InBorneo, women tattooed <strong>the</strong>ir forearmsindicating <strong>the</strong>ir particular skill. If a womanwore a symbol indicating she was a skilledweaver, her status as prime marriageablematerial was increased. Tattoos around <strong>the</strong>wrist and fingers were believed to ward awayillness. Throughout history tattoos havesignified membership in a clan or society.Even today groups from gangs to secretsocieties tattoo <strong>the</strong>ir particular group symbolto show unity.5. In <strong>the</strong> passage,<strong>the</strong> word“commonalities”means:(a) <strong>of</strong> averagecitizens(b) small towns(c) Similarities(d) differencesThe word tattoo comes from <strong>the</strong> Tahitian“tatu” which means “to mark something.” Itis arguably claimed that tattooing hasexisted since 12,000 years BC. The purpose <strong>of</strong>tattooing varies from culture to culture andits place on <strong>the</strong> timeline. But <strong>the</strong>re arecommonalities from <strong>the</strong> earliest knowntattoos to those being done on collegestudents in Manila today. From <strong>the</strong>beginning, tattoos have always had animportant role in ritual and tradition. InBorneo, women tattooed <strong>the</strong>ir forearmsindicating <strong>the</strong>ir particular skill. If a womanwore a symbol indicating she was a skilledweaver, her status as prime marriageablematerial was increased. Tattoos around <strong>the</strong>wrist and fingers were believed to ward awayillness. Throughout history tattoos havesignified membership in a clan or society.Even today groups from gangs to secretsocieties tattoo <strong>the</strong>ir particular group symbolto show unity.6. There is pro<strong>of</strong> thattattooing has existedsince 12,000 BC(a) True(b) FalseThe word tattoo comes from <strong>the</strong> Tahitian“tatu” which means “to mark something.” Itis arguably claimed that tattooing hasexisted since 12,000 years BC. The purpose <strong>of</strong>tattooing varies from culture to culture andits place on <strong>the</strong> timeline. But <strong>the</strong>re arecommonalities from <strong>the</strong> earliest knowntattoos to those being done on collegestudents in Manila today. From <strong>the</strong>beginning, tattoos have always had animportant role in ritual and tradition. InBorneo, women tattooed <strong>the</strong>ir forearmsindicating <strong>the</strong>ir particular skill. If a womanwore a symbol indicating she was a skilledweaver, her status as prime marriageablematerial was increased. Tattoos around <strong>the</strong>wrist and fingers were believed to ward awayillness. Throughout history tattoos havesignified membership in a clan or society.Even today groups from gangs to secretsocieties tattoo <strong>the</strong>ir particular group symbolto show unity.3