The Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve REDD Project

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STEP 0. Preliminary screening based on the starting date of theproject activity.The VCS does not allow RED projects with a start date prior to2002. The start date of the Rimba Raya project is 2008 and thusthe project is eligible as a VCS RED project.STEP 1. Identification of alternative scenarios to the projectactivity4.5.Conservation/protection in the absence of carbonfinancing: The project lands are conserved as intact peatswamp forest without intervention by the projectproponents.Conservation/protection with carbon financing (proposedproject activity): The project lands are conserved as intactpeat swamp forest, funded entirely or in part throughcarbon financing.Sub-‐step 1a. Identify credible alternative land use scenariosto the proposed project activity.Four potential alternative land-‐use scenarios in addition tothe proposed project activity were identified. The outcomeof Sub-‐step 1a is a list of credible alternative land-‐usescenarios that could have occurred on the land within theproject boundary:1. Conversion to palm oil plantations: The project lands arezoned by the Indonesian Government for plantationestablishment, with illegal timber harvesting occurringprior to land clearing.2. Continuation of pre-‐project land use: The project landscontinue to be zoned by the Indonesian Government asProduction Forest and undergo both legal and illegaltimber harvesting.3. Conversion to agriculture: The project lands are openedup for agricultural development (for crops other than oilpalm), with illegal timber harvesting occurring prior toland clearing.Sub-‐step 1b. Consistency of credible alternative land usescenarios with enforced mandatory applicable laws andregulationsIn Indonesia, land which is presently under forestrymanagement that will be taken out of forestry and handedout for conversion to agricultural purposes (such as palm oil)is referred to as KPP or KPPL land. These conversion areasare planned by provincial and district governments. Underthis land use planning structure, alternative land usescenarios 1 and 3 are in compliance with applicable legal andregulatory requirements.Illegal logging occurs in virtually all forests that containvaluable timber and thus illegal logging is a component of allpossible baseline scenarios that do not involve forestprotection against such activities. Although illegal loggingdoes not comply with applicable legislation and regulations,an examination of current practice in the project region inwhich the law applies indicates that laws against illegallogging are systematically not enforced and thus there is non-compliance.93
Under Indonesian legislation, Law (UU) No. 41/1999-‐ForestryLaw defines forest status types and each type’s allowablefunctions/activities, management, planning and research, anddevelopment requirements. Forests in Indonesia thereforefall into four distinct categories, based on the ‘prime function’to be achieved:Conservation forest: conserve biodiversity Protection forest: protect hydrology/water quality,prevent floods, control erosion, prevent saltwaterintrusion, and maintain soil fertility, as well as protectdeep peat (>3 m depth)Production forest: produce timber or other goods andservicesBased on this classification scheme, alternative land usescenarios 2 (production forest) and 4 (conservation forest)identified in Sub-‐step 1a are entirely in compliance withapplicable legal and regulatory requirements, currently and inthe foreseeable future.Conservation/protection with project financing (land usescenario 5) complies with applicable legislation andregulations. The project proponent can apply to theIndonesian government for ownership and/or carbon rightsto the proposed project area, and therefore conservationwith project financing is fully within applicable legal andregulatory requirements.The result of Sub-‐step 1b is that all alternative scenarios (1-‐5)listed above are plausible and in compliance with mandatorylegislation and regulations, or in the case of illegal loggingwithin forests zoned for production or conversion, legislationis not systematically enforced.STEP 2: Barrier analysisSub-‐step 2a. Identification of barriers that would prevent theimplementation of at least one alternative land use scenarioSeveral realistic and credible barriers prevent the realizationof several of the land use scenarios identified in Sub-‐step 1a.A list of barriers that may prevent one or more land usescenarios identified in Sub-‐step 1a is given below.Barriers to Alternative Scenario #1 (conversion to palm oilplantations). There are no barriers to alternative scenario #1.Rather, there are several incentives for this land use scenario,summarized below:Indonesia is the world’s largest producer of palm oil, withMalaysia close behind. Together they account for 87percent of global production (USDA 2007). Indonesia’spalm oil production has been growing steadily, primarilyfor export. In 2006, of the estimated 14-‐16 million tonsproduced, some 11 million tons were exported, accordingto the Indonesian Palm Oil Producers Association (Gapki2006). An estimated 19.5 million tons of palm oil areexpected to be produced in Indonesia in 2009 (Simamora2009b).Indonesia’s Ministry of Agriculture plans to issue aministerial decree to allow businesses to developpeatland for oil palm plantations (Simamora 2009b).94
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The Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve
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AcknowledgementsWith Special Recogn
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ContentsContents ..................
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BIODIVERSITY SECTION ..............
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GLOSSARY OF PROJECT SPECIFIC TERMSC
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REDD, which is necessarily conserva
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Rehabilitation Center (OFI), home t
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estricted-‐range, or otherwise
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HydrologyWatersheds in the Project
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SoilA soil map for the Project Zone
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ClimateRainfall in the Project Zone
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Compositionally, freshwater swamps
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selective logging, intensive loggin
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G1.3. Boundaries of the Project Are
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Communities in the Project ZoneThe
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Delineation of the Project Zone. To
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the project and recommending that t
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During the ground surveys, aerial s
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Stratification by Peat Distribution
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G1.5. Description of Project Zone C
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Only a few of the communities have
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livelihoods, providing protection f
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Similar to the other villages along
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company. On average, farmers and fi
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categories: housing, office, agricu
Page 51 and 52: Table 6. Current Community Conflict
Page 53 and 54: and six are Vulnerable (VU). CR spe
Page 55 and 56: eight are listed as Vulnerable. Eig
Page 57 and 58: 2004). These losses highlight the i
Page 59 and 60: small mammal species richness decli
Page 61 and 62: even fewer forest species than plan
Page 63 and 64: Other threats to biodiversityAdditi
Page 65 and 66: HCV1.1Table 8. Preliminary evaluati
Page 67 and 68: of water supplies and prevention of
Page 69 and 70: ladang agriculture, scrub, short se
Page 71 and 72: Table 11. Critically Endangered Hig
Page 73 and 74: d. areas that support significant c
Page 75 and 76: G1.8.2. Significant Large Landscape
Page 77 and 78: It is possible that a degree of per
Page 79 and 80: The revised Toolkit for Indonesia i
Page 81 and 82: the assessment area; and second, an
Page 83 and 84: HCV 4.3HCV 4.3 aims to identify and
Page 85 and 86: Within the Project Area and neighbo
Page 87 and 88: G1.8.6. Areas Critical for Traditio
Page 89 and 90: In 2004, five oil palm estates were
Page 91 and 92: Figure 23. Comparison of the new dr
Page 93 and 94: Table 15. Extent of Overlap w/ Oil
Page 95 and 96: Baseline analysis: LandcoverIn orde
Page 97 and 98: All survey data has been entered in
Page 99 and 100: For a complete report on the Carbon
Page 101: Identification of Baseline Scenario
Page 105 and 106: drained due to the realization that
Page 107 and 108: conversion for urban, rural, and in
Page 109 and 110: to 2002. Furthermore, deforestation
Page 111 and 112: Local Perspective. Tanjung Puting N
Page 113 and 114: Table 17. 2000-‐2008 Palm Oil E
Page 115 and 116: Provincial Government Targets Rimba
Page 117 and 118: to recovery from past disturbance,
Page 119 and 120: StratumTable 20. Calculations of CO
Page 121 and 122: Year ofProjectArea loggedyr-‐1T
Page 123 and 124: GHG removals from oil palm sequestr
Page 125 and 126: Year ofProjectArea burnedyr-‐1T
Page 127 and 128: Year ofProjectArea burnedyr-‐1T
Page 129 and 130: Yr ofProjectTable 26. Net baseline
Page 131 and 132: environmental impacts and the need
Page 133 and 134: triggered by palm-‐oil companie
Page 135 and 136: G3. Project Design and GoalsG3.1. S
Page 137 and 138: elements and an assessment of the P
Page 139 and 140: habitat in terms of canopy and food
Page 141 and 142: Funding of OFI activitiesTanjung Pu
Page 143 and 144: interventions can improve the poor
Page 145 and 146: Community Agro-‐Forestry. In ke
Page 147 and 148: The only requirement is to pump the
Page 149 and 150: The Rimba Raya project proponents i
Page 151 and 152: www.kiva.org as highly reputable fi
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purchases more than $24 million dol
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The comparative analysis will be us
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G3.4. Project Lifetime, Accounting
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Table 28. Rimba Raya Implementation
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2-‐Establishment ofRimba RayaRe
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6-‐Development ofSocial Buffer2
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7-‐Outreach andEducation3-‐
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Pembuang Hulu and Tanjung Hanau reg
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.7. Determination of the need for s
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elationship with oil palm companies
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capital.” In order to ensure that
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G3.8. Stakeholder Identification an
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2. Improve multi-‐stakeholder p
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Community Involvement during Projec
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31 26/12/08 Burhanudin Merchant Des
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Table 31. Rimba Raya Project Proces
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G3.9. CCBA Public Comment PeriodDes
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In some contexts, for example where
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Table 32. Required Skill Sets , Key
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Develop areforestationprogramaround
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Figure 38 PT Rimba Raya Conservatio
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Figure 40. Project Organizational C
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manipulated to serve someone’s pe
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13). One area of special considerat
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also provide training in the skills
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Communitycenters &librariesWater fi
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C102 - Social Security (Minimum Sta
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G5.2. Documentation of Project Appr
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Figure 42. Official Land Area Verif
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Figure 44. Original Letter from Gov
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Figure 45. Original Minister’s De
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Encroachment by Palm Oil Plantation
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CLIMATE SECTIONCL1. Net Positive Cl
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CL1.5. Double Counting of Emissions
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Negative leakage is the unanticipat
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undervalued. Moreover, the argument
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et. al., 2005). However the long te
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edistributed such that the most eff
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The intersection of the hypothetica
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dedicated to bio-‐fuel producti
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Without project activities are disp
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Table 36. Assessment of risk factor
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Table 36. ...continuedRiskFactorLik
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Table 37. ...continuedRisk Factor %
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degraded portions of the Project Ar
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CL2.4. Leakage and non-CO2 GasesNon
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Monitoring of the boundary of the p
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Monitoring will be conducted by a p
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Table 38. InfiniteSUSTAINABILITY Ma
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Phinisi FloatingClinicMicro-Finance
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Table 39. Threats and management re
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Hunting - Communities in the Projec
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All five of these capital assets ar
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Hygiene improvesProportion of house
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LARASITAProject proponents will wor
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B1.2. Impact of Project Activities
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HCV 1.1 Support Function to Protect
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further losses. Protection of non-
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five are listed as Endangered by IU
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HCV 2.3 Areas that Contain Populati
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Table 42. Species to be used for Ri
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negative. In this scenario, net bio
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permanent 10-‐20 km transects s
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high resolution imagery) and field
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e present in the Seruyan River insi
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The Rimba Raya Project is located i
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intentionally or unintentionally, f
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GL3. Exceptional Biodiversity Benef
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Table 44. Endangered & Critically E
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GL3.2.2. Species with Large but Clu
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAnderson, J.A.R. (1972)
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Gibbs, H., (2008) Carbon payback ti
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Nicolas, Marc V.J. and Grant S. Bee
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Islands]. In Press.Susilo, H.D. (19
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The Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve REDD Project

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