The Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve REDD Project

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Peat drainage. To be conservative, it is assumed that areasoutside the proposed plantation boundaries would be unaffectedby drainage under the baseline scenario. The analysis presentedhere also excludes the influence of tatahs (small canals used forillegal logging) on peat drainage. Fieldwork may show that tatahscause a background level of peat drainage in the area ofinfluence around each tatah; if these canals are shown tosignificantly affect drainage, baseline calculations will need to bemodified to take into account the background drainage impacts.For this analysis, it is assumed that all peat areas within theProject Area are undrained and that palm oil plantationsmaintain a constant drainage depth of 80 cm below the surface.This is based on data from Hooijer et al. (2006) who derived aminimum estimate of 0.80 m, a likely estimate of 0.95 m and amaximum estimate of 1.1 m.Drainage depth was linked to CO 2 emissions (in t CO 2 ha -‐1 yr -‐1 )using a regression relationship derived primarily from long-termmonitoring of peat subsidence in drained peatlandscombined with peat carbon content and bulk density analysis.This method filters the contribution of peat compaction fromthe total subsidence rate, and the remainder is attributed toCO 2 emission (Wösten et al. 1997; Wösten and Ritzema2001). Long-‐term monitoring of peat subsidence producesthe most accurate and reliable data, but yields only fewmeasurement points. For lack of a large enough populationof observations, a linear relation between drainage depth andCO 2 emission was fitted through the data whereas the actualrelation is known to be non-‐linear. Therefore, Eq. 60 in theproposed methodology was applied as:where:MEB, dd , it 0.91DB,drain,itME B,dd,it = mean CO 2 emissions from drained peat instratum i, time t; t CO 2 /haD B,,drain,it = average depth of peat drainage oraverage depth to water table under thebaseline scenario in stratum i, time t; cmIn the drainage depth range most common in southeast Asianpeatlands, the relation is supported by results fromnumerous gas emission monitoring studies in peatlands. Therelation used in this analysis, derived on the basis of literaturereview, is considered conservative. Methane (CH 4 ) fluxesfrom peat were not accounted for because research to dateindicates that CH 4 fluxes in tropical peatlands are negligiblecompared to CO 2 fluxes (Furukawa et al. 2005; Hadi et al.2005; Jauhiainen et al. 2005).Baseline drainage emissions from the palm oil concessionsare estimated as 22.9 million t CO 2 e over the first ten years,with an average emission of close to 2.29M t CO 2 e yr-‐1 forthe first ten years (Table 25).117
Year ofProjectArea burnedyr-‐1Table 25. Emission from peat drainage associated with palm oil plantationsAnnual CO 2 e emissions from peat drainage (t CO 2 e yr-‐1)Concession 1Borneo Eka SawitTangguhConcession 2Graha Indo SawitAndal TunggalConcession 3Wahana AgroTama MakmurConcession 4Rimba SawitUtama PlanindoAnnual total (tCO 2 e yr -‐1)CumulativeTotal (t CO 2 e)1 2,000 182,000 0 0 0 182,000 182,0002 6,000 364,000 182,000 0 0 546,000 728,0003 12,000 546,000 364,000 182,000 0 1,092,000 1,820,0004 20,000 728,000 546,000 364,000 182,000 1,820,000 3,640,0005 26,986 817,738 728,000 546,000 364,000 2,455,738 6,095,7386 31,843 817,738 910,000 623,987 546,000 2,897,725 8,993,4647 35,843 817,738 1,092,000 623,987 728,000 3,261,725 12,255,1898 38,346 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 910,000 3,489,498 15,744,6889 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 19,359,67510 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 22,974,66211 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 26,589,65012 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 30,204,63713 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 33,819,62514 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 37,434,61215 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 41,049,60016 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 44,664,58717 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 48,279,57418 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 51,894,56219 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 55,509,54920 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 59,124,53721 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 62,739,52422 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 66,354,51123 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 69,969,49924 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 73,584,48625 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 77,199,47426 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 80,814,46127 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 84,429,44828 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 88,044,43629 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 91,659,42330 39,725 817,738 1,137,773 623,987 1,035,489 3,614,987 95,274,411Totals 23,081,199 29,990,779 16,691,675 25,510,758 95,274,411118
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The Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve
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AcknowledgementsWith Special Recogn
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ContentsContents ..................
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BIODIVERSITY SECTION ..............
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GLOSSARY OF PROJECT SPECIFIC TERMSC
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REDD, which is necessarily conserva
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Rehabilitation Center (OFI), home t
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estricted-‐range, or otherwise
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HydrologyWatersheds in the Project
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SoilA soil map for the Project Zone
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ClimateRainfall in the Project Zone
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Compositionally, freshwater swamps
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selective logging, intensive loggin
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G1.3. Boundaries of the Project Are
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Communities in the Project ZoneThe
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Delineation of the Project Zone. To
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the project and recommending that t
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During the ground surveys, aerial s
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Stratification by Peat Distribution
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G1.5. Description of Project Zone C
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Only a few of the communities have
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livelihoods, providing protection f
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Similar to the other villages along
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company. On average, farmers and fi
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categories: housing, office, agricu
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Table 6. Current Community Conflict
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and six are Vulnerable (VU). CR spe
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eight are listed as Vulnerable. Eig
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2004). These losses highlight the i
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small mammal species richness decli
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even fewer forest species than plan
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Other threats to biodiversityAdditi
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HCV1.1Table 8. Preliminary evaluati
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of water supplies and prevention of
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ladang agriculture, scrub, short se
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Table 11. Critically Endangered Hig
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d. areas that support significant c
Page 75 and 76: G1.8.2. Significant Large Landscape
Page 77 and 78: It is possible that a degree of per
Page 79 and 80: The revised Toolkit for Indonesia i
Page 81 and 82: the assessment area; and second, an
Page 83 and 84: HCV 4.3HCV 4.3 aims to identify and
Page 85 and 86: Within the Project Area and neighbo
Page 87 and 88: G1.8.6. Areas Critical for Traditio
Page 89 and 90: In 2004, five oil palm estates were
Page 91 and 92: Figure 23. Comparison of the new dr
Page 93 and 94: Table 15. Extent of Overlap w/ Oil
Page 95 and 96: Baseline analysis: LandcoverIn orde
Page 97 and 98: All survey data has been entered in
Page 99 and 100: For a complete report on the Carbon
Page 101 and 102: Identification of Baseline Scenario
Page 103 and 104: Under Indonesian legislation, Law (
Page 105 and 106: drained due to the realization that
Page 107 and 108: conversion for urban, rural, and in
Page 109 and 110: to 2002. Furthermore, deforestation
Page 111 and 112: Local Perspective. Tanjung Puting N
Page 113 and 114: Table 17. 2000-‐2008 Palm Oil E
Page 115 and 116: Provincial Government Targets Rimba
Page 117 and 118: to recovery from past disturbance,
Page 119 and 120: StratumTable 20. Calculations of CO
Page 121 and 122: Year ofProjectArea loggedyr-‐1T
Page 123 and 124: GHG removals from oil palm sequestr
Page 125: Year ofProjectArea burnedyr-‐1T
Page 129 and 130: Yr ofProjectTable 26. Net baseline
Page 131 and 132: environmental impacts and the need
Page 133 and 134: triggered by palm-‐oil companie
Page 135 and 136: G3. Project Design and GoalsG3.1. S
Page 137 and 138: elements and an assessment of the P
Page 139 and 140: habitat in terms of canopy and food
Page 141 and 142: Funding of OFI activitiesTanjung Pu
Page 143 and 144: interventions can improve the poor
Page 145 and 146: Community Agro-‐Forestry. In ke
Page 147 and 148: The only requirement is to pump the
Page 149 and 150: The Rimba Raya project proponents i
Page 151 and 152: www.kiva.org as highly reputable fi
Page 153 and 154: purchases more than $24 million dol
Page 155 and 156: The comparative analysis will be us
Page 157 and 158: G3.4. Project Lifetime, Accounting
Page 159 and 160: Table 28. Rimba Raya Implementation
Page 161 and 162: 2-‐Establishment ofRimba RayaRe
Page 163 and 164: 6-‐Development ofSocial Buffer2
Page 165 and 166: 7-‐Outreach andEducation3-‐
Page 167 and 168: Pembuang Hulu and Tanjung Hanau reg
Page 169 and 170: .7. Determination of the need for s
Page 171 and 172: elationship with oil palm companies
Page 173 and 174: capital.” In order to ensure that
Page 175 and 176: G3.8. Stakeholder Identification an
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2. Improve multi-‐stakeholder p
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Community Involvement during Projec
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31 26/12/08 Burhanudin Merchant Des
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Table 31. Rimba Raya Project Proces
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G3.9. CCBA Public Comment PeriodDes
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In some contexts, for example where
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Table 32. Required Skill Sets , Key
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Develop areforestationprogramaround
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Figure 38 PT Rimba Raya Conservatio
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Figure 40. Project Organizational C
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manipulated to serve someone’s pe
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13). One area of special considerat
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also provide training in the skills
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Communitycenters &librariesWater fi
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C102 - Social Security (Minimum Sta
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G5.2. Documentation of Project Appr
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Figure 42. Official Land Area Verif
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Figure 44. Original Letter from Gov
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Figure 45. Original Minister’s De
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Encroachment by Palm Oil Plantation
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CLIMATE SECTIONCL1. Net Positive Cl
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CL1.5. Double Counting of Emissions
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Negative leakage is the unanticipat
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undervalued. Moreover, the argument
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et. al., 2005). However the long te
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edistributed such that the most eff
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The intersection of the hypothetica
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dedicated to bio-‐fuel producti
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Without project activities are disp
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Table 36. Assessment of risk factor
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Table 36. ...continuedRiskFactorLik
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Table 37. ...continuedRisk Factor %
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degraded portions of the Project Ar
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CL2.4. Leakage and non-CO2 GasesNon
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Monitoring of the boundary of the p
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Monitoring will be conducted by a p
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Table 38. InfiniteSUSTAINABILITY Ma
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Phinisi FloatingClinicMicro-Finance
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Table 39. Threats and management re
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Hunting - Communities in the Projec
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All five of these capital assets ar
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Hygiene improvesProportion of house
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LARASITAProject proponents will wor
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B1.2. Impact of Project Activities
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HCV 1.1 Support Function to Protect
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further losses. Protection of non-
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five are listed as Endangered by IU
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HCV 2.3 Areas that Contain Populati
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Table 42. Species to be used for Ri
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negative. In this scenario, net bio
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permanent 10-‐20 km transects s
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high resolution imagery) and field
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e present in the Seruyan River insi
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The Rimba Raya Project is located i
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intentionally or unintentionally, f
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GL3. Exceptional Biodiversity Benef
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Table 44. Endangered & Critically E
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GL3.2.2. Species with Large but Clu
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BIBLIOGRAPHYAnderson, J.A.R. (1972)
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Gibbs, H., (2008) Carbon payback ti
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Nicolas, Marc V.J. and Grant S. Bee
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Islands]. In Press.Susilo, H.D. (19
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The Rimba Raya Biodiversity Reserve REDD Project

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