13.07.2015 Views

Good Practice in Postoperative and Procedural Pain Management ...

Good Practice in Postoperative and Procedural Pain Management ...

Good Practice in Postoperative and Procedural Pain Management ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

360 Shayevitz JR, Merkel S, O’Kelly SW et al.Lumbar epidural morph<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>fusions forchildren undergo<strong>in</strong>g cardiac surgery. J CardiothoracVasc Anesth 1996; 10: 217–224.361 Hammer GB, Ngo K, Macario A. A retrospectiveexam<strong>in</strong>ation of regional plus generalanesthesia <strong>in</strong> children undergo<strong>in</strong>g openheart surgery. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 1020–1024.362 Peterson K, DeCampli W, Pike N et al.A report of two hundred twenty cases ofregional anesthesia <strong>in</strong> pediatric cardiacsurgery. Anesth Analg 2000; 90: 1014–1019.363 F<strong>in</strong>kel J, Boltz M, Conran A. The effect ofbaricity of <strong>in</strong>trathecal morph<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> childrenreceiv<strong>in</strong>g tetraca<strong>in</strong>e sp<strong>in</strong>al anaesthesia forcardiac surgery: a prelim<strong>in</strong>ary report. PaediatrAnaesth 2002; 12: 327–331.364 Pirat A, Akpek E, Arslan G. Intrathecalversus IV fentanyl <strong>in</strong> pediatric cardiac anesthesia.Anesth Analg 2002; 95: 1207–1214,table of contents.365 Suom<strong>in</strong>en P, Ragg P, McK<strong>in</strong>ley D et al.Intrathecal morph<strong>in</strong>e provides effective <strong>and</strong>safe analgesia <strong>in</strong> children after cardiac surgery.Acta Anaesthesiol Sc<strong>and</strong> 2004; 48:875–882.366 Hammer GB, Ramamoorthy C, Cao H etal. <strong>Postoperative</strong> analgesia after sp<strong>in</strong>alblockade <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>fants <strong>and</strong> children undergo<strong>in</strong>gcardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2005; 100:1283–1288,table of contents.367 Leyvi G, Taylor DG, Reith E et al. Caudalanesthesia <strong>in</strong> pediatric cardiac surgery: doesit affect outcome? J Cardiothorac VascAnesth 2005; 19: 734–738.368 Thammasitboon S, Rosen DA, Lutfi R etal. An <strong>in</strong>stitutional experience with epiduralanalgesia <strong>in</strong> children <strong>and</strong> young adultsundergo<strong>in</strong>g cardiac surgery. Paediatr Anaesth2010; 20: 720–726.369 Chu YC, L<strong>in</strong> SM, Hsieh YC et al. Intraoperativeadm<strong>in</strong>istration of tramadol for postoperativenurse-controlled analgesia resulted<strong>in</strong> earlier awaken<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> less sedation thanmorph<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> children after cardiac surgery.Anesth Analg 2006; 102: 1668–1673.370 Rosen DA, Hawk<strong>in</strong>berry DW2nd, RosenKR et al. An epidural hematoma <strong>in</strong> an adolescentpatient after cardiac surgery. AnesthAnalg 2004; 98: 966–969,table of contents.371 Gupta A, Daggett C, Drant S et al. Prospectiver<strong>and</strong>omized trial of ketorolac aftercongenital heart surgery. J CardiothoracVasc Anesth 2004; 18: 454–457.372 Birm<strong>in</strong>gham P, Wheeler M, Suresh S et al.Patient-controlled epidural analgesia <strong>in</strong> children:can they do it? Anesth Analg 2003; 96:686–691.373 L<strong>in</strong> Y, Sentivany-Coll<strong>in</strong>s S, Peterson K etal. Outcomes after s<strong>in</strong>gle <strong>in</strong>jection caudalepidural versus cont<strong>in</strong>uous <strong>in</strong>fusion epiduralvia caudal approach for postoperative analgesia<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>fants <strong>and</strong> children undergo<strong>in</strong>gpatent ductus arteriosus ligation. PaediatrAnaesth 1999; 9: 139–143.374 Bozkurt P, Kaya G, Yeker Y et al. Effectivenessof morph<strong>in</strong>e via thoracic epiduralvs <strong>in</strong>travenous <strong>in</strong>fusion on postthoracotomypa<strong>in</strong> <strong>and</strong> stress response <strong>in</strong> children. PaediatrAnaesth 2004; 14: 748–754.375 Ioscovich A, Brisk<strong>in</strong> A, Deeb M et al. Oneshot sp<strong>in</strong>al morph<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>jection for postthoracotomypa<strong>in</strong> control <strong>in</strong> children [4]. PaediatrAnaesth 2004; 14: 971–972.376 Karmakar M, Booker P, Franks R et al.Cont<strong>in</strong>uous extrapleural paravertebral <strong>in</strong>fusionof bupivaca<strong>in</strong>e for post-thoracotomyanalgesia <strong>in</strong> young <strong>in</strong>fants. Br J Anaesth1996; 76: 811–815.377 Cheung S, Booker P, Franks R et al. Serumconcentrations of bupivaca<strong>in</strong>e dur<strong>in</strong>g prolongedcont<strong>in</strong>uous paravertebral <strong>in</strong>fusion <strong>in</strong>young <strong>in</strong>fants. Br J Anaesth 1997; 79: 9–13.378 Downs C, Cooper M. Cont<strong>in</strong>uous extrapleural<strong>in</strong>tercostal nerve block for post thoracotomyanalgesia <strong>in</strong> children. AnaesthIntensive Care 1997; 25: 390–397.379 Karmakar MK, Booker PD, Franks R.Bilateral cont<strong>in</strong>uous paravertebral blockused for postoperative analgesia <strong>in</strong> an <strong>in</strong>fanthav<strong>in</strong>g bilateral thoracotomy. Paediatr Anaesth1997; 7: 469–471.380 Shah R, Sabanathan S, Richardson J et al.Cont<strong>in</strong>uous paravertebral block for postthoracotomy analgesia <strong>in</strong> children. J CardiovascSurg (Tor<strong>in</strong>o) 1997; 38: 543–546.381 Karmakar M, Critchley L. Cont<strong>in</strong>uous extrapleural<strong>in</strong>tercostal nerve block for postthoracotomy analgesia <strong>in</strong> children. AnaesthIntensive Care 1998; 26: 115–116.382 Gibson MP, Vetter T, Crow JP. Use of cont<strong>in</strong>uousretropleural bupivaca<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong> postoperativepa<strong>in</strong> management for pediatricthoracotomy. J Pediatr Surg 1999; 34: 199–201.383 Matsota P, Livanios S, Mar<strong>in</strong>opoulou E.Intercostal nerve block with Bupivaca<strong>in</strong>e forpost-thoracotomy pa<strong>in</strong> relief <strong>in</strong> children.Eur J Pediatr Surg 2001; 11: 219–222.384 Lynn AM, Nespeca MK, Bratton SL et al.Ventilatory effects of morph<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>fusions <strong>in</strong>cyanotic versus acyanotic <strong>in</strong>fants after thoracotomy.Paediatr Anaesth 2003; 13: 12–17.385 Morton N, Errera A. APA national audit ofpediatric opioid <strong>in</strong>fusions. Pediatr Anesth2010; 20: 119–125.386 Klimek M, Ubben JF, Ammann J et al.Pa<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> neurosurgically treated patients: aprospective observational study. J Neurosurg2006; 104: 350–359.387 Teo JH, Palmer GM, Davidson AJ. Postcraniotomypa<strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong> a paediatric population.Anaesth Intensive Care 2011; 39: 89–94.388 Warren DT, Bowen-Roberts T, Ou C et al.Safety <strong>and</strong> efficacy of cont<strong>in</strong>uous morph<strong>in</strong>e<strong>in</strong>fusions follow<strong>in</strong>g pediatric cranial surgery<strong>in</strong> a surgical ward sett<strong>in</strong>g. Childs Nerv Syst2010; 26: 1535–1541.389 Ou CHK, Kent SK, Hammond AM et al.Morph<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>fusions after pediatric cranialsurgery: a retrospective analysis of safety<strong>and</strong> efficacy. Can J Neurosci Nurs 2008; 30:21–30.390 Chiaretti A, Viola L, Pietr<strong>in</strong>i D et al. Preemptiveanalgesia with tramadol <strong>and</strong> fentanyl<strong>in</strong> pediatric neurosurgery. Childs NervSyst 2000; 16: 93–99;discussion 100.391 Chiaretti A, Genovese O, Antonelli A et al.Patient-controlled analgesia with fentanil<strong>and</strong> midazolam <strong>in</strong> children with postoperativeneurosurgical pa<strong>in</strong>. Childs Nerv Syst2008; 24: 119–124.392 McEwan A, Sigston PE, Andrews KA et al.A comparison of rectal <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>tramuscularcode<strong>in</strong>e phosphate <strong>in</strong> children follow<strong>in</strong>gneurosurgery. Paediatr Anaesth 2000; 10:189–193.ª 2012 Blackwell Publish<strong>in</strong>g Ltd, Pediatric Anesthesia, 22 (Suppl. 1), 1–79 65

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!