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Yojna Lal and Sobita SimonINTRODUCTIONWilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f sp. udum is one of the destructive fungaldisease of pigeonpea. Continuous cropping of pigeonpea in the same field causes asmuch as 50 % plant mortality due to this disease. In a survey conducted during 1975-80by ICRISAT Scientists, the incidence of the disease was found to vary from 0.1%(Rajasthan) to 22.6 % (Maharasthra). In Bihar and Uttar Pradesh the average incidencewas 18.3 and 8.2% respectively (Kannaiyan et. al 1984). Wilt has been observed tocaused defoliation and drying of plant regularly in the state of Uttar Pradesh. It generallyappears from the early flowering to pod maturity stage and its development dependsupon the cultivar used, growing period and environmental conditions. Large yield losseshave been reported from different parts of Uttar Pradesh, India and Abroad (Reddy etal, 1994), Sarode and Sonalkar (2001) and Sharma et al (2002).The production loss is estimated to be about 32,000 tonnes in Uttar Pradesh 44,000tonnes in Maharashtra and 10,000 tonnes in Madhya Pradesh. The available information'son field efficacy of different chemical pesticides against this disease is not adequate.Therefore, present investigation was undertaken to find out the suitable and economicaltreatment combination of chemical and biological control agent, which would be able toreduce the incidence of wilt in pigeonpea.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design during kharif2005 at Research Farm of the Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technologyand Sciences, Deemed to be University, Allahabad. The seeds of pigeon pea varietywere treated with seed dressers viz; Carbendazim (50%) WP, Captan (50%) WP, Copperoxychloride (50%) WP, Benomyl (50%) WP, Mancozeb (75%WP), Carboxin (75%)WP, Metalaxyl (25%)WP and Thiram (75%) WP in polythene bags and dusting seeddressers individually then shaking thoroughly for 10-15 minutes and untreated seedswere used as control. Three dilutions of each respective chemical viz: 10, 100 and 1000ppm were prepared by taking the active ingredient of chemicals into consideration inPotato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Dextrose (PD) broth media. The effect of allthese chemicals was tested on growth of Trichoderma harzianum by Poisoned FoodTechnique (Nakkeeran and Devi, 1997) with the help of sterile cork borer, discs of0.5 cm diameter were cut out from actively growing culture of the fungus and transferredto the centre of petridish/conical flask containing the desired media inoculated with thedifferent concentrations of chemical. The inoculated dish/flask was incubated at around58
The Allahabad Farmer Vol. LXVIII, January - 2013 No. 225 0 C and observations on radial growth of colony (mm) on PDA and mycelial weight (g)on 7 days after inoculation in PD broth media were maintained for each treatment includingcontrol. After testing the compatibility of Trichoderma and chemicals, the treated seedswere grown in the Crop Research Farm of Department of Plant Protection. Observationson root and shoot weight(g), root and shoot length(cm), number of nodules per plantand % disease incidence were recorded on ten randomly selected competitive plantsexcept for % disease incidence, where the observation was recorded on plot basis. Thedata thus obtained were statistically analyzed using Randomized Block Design.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONPerusal of data revealed that most of the test fungicides were found effective inmanaging wilt disease over check and increased seed yield. The minimum disease intensityof wilt was registered with the application of Trichoderma harzianum + Carboxin(22.21%) with highest seed yield. The results further revealed that fungicides viz: Carboxin50%, W.P. Copper oxychloride 50% W.P., Captan 50% W.P., Benomyl 50% W.P.,Mencozeb 75% W.P., Carboxin 75% W.P, Metalaxyl 75% WP and Thiram 75% W.P.,along with Trichoderma harzianum showed tremendous potential for the control of soilborne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f sp. udum and also increase the plant growthand crop yield contributing characters.Perusal of mean value for root and shoot weight of pigeon pea (Tabel-1) showedthat treatment combination Trichoderma harzianum + Carboxin exhibited highest valuefollowed by Trichoderma harzianum + copper oxychloride thus, it can be concludedthat above combination of biological control agent and chemical pesticides does not hamperthe growth of the pigeon pea, infact they enhance the growth, which is a pre-requisite fora better harvest. Paul and Mishra (1994) also observed improved germination androot & shoot weight by integration of Trichoderma with Benomyl, Copper Oxychloride,Captan, Mancozeb and Thiram.Similarly a close perusal of mean value for root length and shoot length (Table 1)depicted that treatment combination Trichoderma harzianum + Carboxin showed highestsignificant mean value over control, thus it is obvious that this combination also increasesthe root and shoot length of pigeonpea plants therefore enhance the plant growth andyield. These findings are in conformity with the findings of Dohroo (1995) and Stephanet al., (1996), who also reported that Mancozeb, Benomyl, Carboxin and Copperoxychloride did not have any inhibitory affects on the growth and activity of Trichodermabut application of both boost up the growth of pigeonpea plant.59
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Page 31 and 32: Verma Rekha and Parvez RaziaINTRODU
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Page 99 and 100: Pradeep Kumar, S.S. SengarREFERENCE
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Aradhana Irene Charan, Nishant Kuma
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