Study of Hygienic practices of street food vendors in ... - Shiats.edu.in

Aarti Shrivas, Suryendra Singh, Sandeep Kumar Chandrawanshi and Mohd. Kaleemtune of 76 percent (Gnanamurthy and Balasubramaniyan 1998). Though physicalmethods of weed control are very effective but they have certain limitations such asunavailability of labour during peak period, high labour cost and unfavourable environment.Presently a wide variety of old and new generation herbicides are available and arebeing recommended for usage. The present investigation was, therefore, conducted tostudy the bio-efficacy of herbicides used against weeds in kharif groundnut.MATERIALS AND METHODSA field experiment was conducted during rainy (kharif) season of 2010 at CropResearch Farm, Department of Agronomy, Allahabad School of Agriculture, SamHigginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad on sandyloam soil, testing neutral in pH (7.5) and medium in fertility for readily mineralizablenitrogen (280 kg/ha), phosphorus (28 kg/ha) and rich for available potassium (181.13 kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 3 replicatonscomprising nine treatments i.e., imazethapyr 75 ml/ha + 0.2% surfactant at 14 days aftersowing (DAS), imazethapyr 100 ml/ha + 0.2% surfactant at 14 days after sowing (DAS),imazethapyr 125 ml/ha + 0.2% surfactant at 14 days after sowing (DAS), imazethapyr200 ml/ha + 0.2% surfactant at 14 days after sowing (DAS), oxyfluorfen 100 ml/ha at 2days after sowing (DAS), mechanical weeding at 20 days after sowing (DAS), one handweeding at 20 days after sowing (DAS), weed-free and weedy-check (Table 1 & 2).All recommended production technologies were followed to grow the crop successfully.Three plants in each plot were randomly selected for recording plant height (cm), numberof branches/ plant, crop and relative growth rates (CGR and RGR). The observations ondry matter accumulation were recorded up to 100 DAS (at 20 - days interval). The netplots area was harvested and sun-dried in the field and the biological yield was recorded.After threshing and cleaning the pod yield was recorded and yield - attributes viz., pods/plant, kernels/ pod, and 100-grain weight were recorded from plant samples.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONGROWTH ATTRIBUTESGrowth of groundnut measured in terms of plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, crop and relative growth rates (CGR and RGR) (Table 1) indicated that all thesegrowth parameters were significantly higher in weed-free. This was followed byoxyfluorfen 100 ml/ha at 2 DAS, mechanical and one hand weeding at 20 DAS. Theseparameters were significantly the lowest in weedy-check. The maximum plant height,number of branches/ plant and CGR (60-80 DAS) were recorded in weed-free which91