Research Study on Factors Facilitating Participation of Women in ...

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Factors Facilitating Participation of Women in Mahatma Gandhi NREGS 113Table 5.31 : (Contd.)Clothing No change 3.0 52.5 34.0 54.0 35.0Change to 78.0 46.2 52.0 45.0 55.8some extentChange to 19.0 1.2 14.0 1.0 9.2large extentHealth No change 3.0 47.5 43.0 82.0 43.7Change to 88.0 48.8 46.0 16.0 49.7some extentChange to 9.0 3.8 11.0 2.0 6.6large extentEducation No change 2.0 50.0 47.0 81.0 44.7Change to 87.0 46.2 41.0 18.0 48.2some extentChange to 11.0 3.8 12.0 1.0 7.1large extentHousing No change 1.0 72.5 61.0 94.0 56.3Change to 89.0 25.0 26.0 5.0 36.8some extentChange to 10.0 2.5 13.0 1.0 6.8large extentChange in Other Areas Within and Outside Environment of Women Due toParticipation in MGNREGSAny development programme will impact not only the quality ofliving of the beneficiary but also the factors contributing to the empowermentwithin and outside the environment women deal with. Empowermentoutcomes associated with women’s participation may not be directlyassociated with the programme objectives. But quality and processes ofRS 97
114 Factors Facilitating Participation of Women in Mahatma Gandhi NREGSthe programme planning and implementation are among the factors thatcan support change in environment within and outside for women. AsMGNREGS is a right-based programme, directly and indirectly leads tochanges in the empowerment of stakeholders. It is the quality of participationof the women in MGNREGS, which impact on the rights and entitlementsrelated to them.Few indicators of empowerment like leadership qualities, mobilisingskills, negotiation skills, decision making skills, financial management skills,resource mobilisation, political participation, mobility, membership in VDOs,self-confidence, competence and self-esteem were measured through a setof questions before participation in MGNREGS and at present (Before andAfter Design). The type of questions relate to — whether the respondentcould gain confidence to lead, motivate fellow workers, interact freely withofficials; participation in decision making in household matters andcommunity matters; manage money, access government schemes, bankloans etc., seek membership in VDOs, participate in local elections, tomove independently, feeling empowered, feeling (self) confident, competentand self-esteem etc. Using a three-point scale changes in behavioural andpsychological factors were measured.It was indicated that before participation in MGNREGS, most of therespondents in the sample districts of South 24 Paraganas, Gaya and Thrissurwere not confident to lead and motivate fellow workers. Mahaboobnagar isan exception with 76 per cent respondents reporting that they were confidentto lead and another 70 per cent had skills to motivate fellow workers tosome extent. But such scenario changed significantly with participation inMGNREGS. Now more than half of the respondents in the sample districts(South 24 Paraganas, Gaya and Thrissur) gained confidence to lead andalso acquired skills to motivate fellow workers to some extent. InMahaboobnagar district of Andhra Pradesh 72 per cent respondents reportedthat they could gain confidence to lead and another 67 per cent respondentsreported that they could gain skills to motivate fellow workers to largeextent after participation in MGNREGS.RS 97
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