Research Study on Factors Facilitating Participation of Women in ...

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Factors Facilitating Participation of Women in Mahatma Gandhi NREGS 35Economic DependencyThe average size of the sample households ranged from 4.1 (Thrissurof Kerala) to 7.4 (Gaya of Bihar) and the overall average is 5.2. As againstthe average family size of 5.2, there are 2.6 earning members and 2.6dependents. In other words, each earner has to support one dependant. Itis disturbing to note that 5.2 per cent of the children are also participatingin the labour market. This is very high if the proportion is calculated for 9-14 age groups. The programme can be treated as a success if it can reducethe participation of children in the labour market. It is significant to notethat most of the adult females, 76.6 per cent, are earners. Mahaboobnagardistrict of Andhra Pradesh has the highest proportion of earners amongadult females (88.5 per cent).Table 5.3 : Average Size of the Household andEarning Members in the HouseholdS.No. Particulars Andhra Bihar Kerala West TotalPradeshBengalI. Size of the HH1 Male 137 160 124 148 5692 Female 131 163 152 162 6083 Children 216 267 138 172 793Total 484 590 414 482 1970I. Average Size of 4.8 7.4 4.1 4.8 5.2the HHNo. of earning members in the HH1 Male 114 133 93 116 4562 Female 116 129 110 111 4663 Children 9 33 7 2 51Total 239 295 210 229 973II. Average Size of 2.4 3.7 2.1 2.3 2.6Earners / HHII. Economic 1.2 1.4 1.1 1.3 1.2DependencyIII. Earning Females 88.5 79.1 72.4 68.5 76.6RS 97
36 Factors Facilitating Participation of Women in Mahatma Gandhi NREGSLand DistributionLandholding status is an important variable to ascertain the economiccondition of the respondents. It is evident that 54.5 per cent of therespondents were landless and another 27.6 per cent of the respondentsowned less than one acre of land (sub-marginal farmers). Marginal farmersaccount for 13.9 per cent. The proportion of the landless is highest at about83 per cent in Gaya district of Bihar and South 24 Paraganas of WestBengal. It is the lowest at 24 per cent in Thrissur district of Kerala. InMahaboobnagar district of Andhra Pradesh there are significant number ofrespondents (15 per cent), who owned land ranging from five to ten acres.Land Ownership Status of Women WorkersLand ownership is an important source of women empowerment.Though the extent of land is small, it provides access to credit market andas well provides a sort of recognition. It is found that 11.3 per centrespondents have either individual or joint ownership of the land. There aresignificant differences in female ownership of land across districts. South24 Paraganas of West Bengal stands at the bottom with only two per centof the respondents owning land individually or jointly. Thrissur district ofRS 97
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