A Practical Approach, Second Edition=Ronald D. Ho.pdf

1042 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: A PRACTICAL APPROACH, SECOND EDITIONConclusionOverall, there is evidence of similar patterns of male postnatal reproductive system developmentbetween humans and experimental animal models. However, a more detailed examination of thedevelopmental processes reveals pertinent cross-species differences. As research progresses, morethorough comparisons on the cellular and molecular level will become possible and the specificpathways targeted by chemicals can be identified. This knowledge will assist in the selection ofsensitive and predictive animal models and further reduce uncertainty when extrapolating animaldata to human risk.REFERENCES1. Müller J. and Skakkebaek, N.E. (1992). The prenatal and postnatal development of the testis.Bailliere’s Clin. Endo. Metab. 6, 251-271.2. Cortes, D., Müller, J. and Skakkebaek, N.E. (1987). Proliferation of Sertoli cells during developmentof the human testis assessed by stereological methods. Int. J. Androl. 10, 589-596.3. Lemasters, G.K., Perreault, S.D., Hales, B.F., Hatch, M., Hirshfield, A.N., Hughes, C.L., Kimmel,G.L., Lamb, J.C., Pryor, J.L., Rubin, C. and Seed, J.G. (2000). Workshop to identify critical windowsof exposure for children’s health: reproductive health in children and adolescents work group summary.Environ. Health Perspect. 108 (Suppl. 3), 505-509.4. Rey, R. (1999). The prepubertal testis: a quiescent or a silently active organ? Histol. Histopathol. 14,991-1000.5. Claudio, L., Bearer, C.F. and Wallinga, D. (1999). Assessment of the U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency methods for identification of ;hazards to developing organisms, part I: the reproduction andfertility testing guidelines. Am. J. Ind. Med. 35, 543-553.6. Clements, J.A., Reyes, F.I. Winter, J.S.D. and Faiman, C. (1976). Studies on human sexual development.III: fetal pituitary and serum and amniotic fluid concentrations of LH, CG, and FSH. J. Clin.Endocrinol. Metab. 42, 9-19.7. Müller, J. and Skakkebaek, N.E. (1984). Fluctuations in the number of germ cells during the latefoetal and early postnatal periods in boys. Acta Endocrinol. 105, 271-274.8. Müller, J. and Skakkebaek, N.E. (1983). Quantification of germ cells and seminiferous tubules bystereological examination of testicles from 50 boys who suffered from sudden death. J. Androl. 6,143-156.9. Largo, R.H. and Prader, A. (1983). Pubertal development in Swiss boys. Helv. Paediatr. Acta 38, 211-228.10. Biro, F.M., Lucky, A.W. and Huster, G.A. (1995). Pubertal staging in boys. J. Pediatr. 127, 100-102.11. Nysom, K., Pedersen, J.L., Jorgensen, M., Nielsen, C.T., Müller, J., Keiding, N. and Skakkebaek,N.E. (1994). Spermaturia in two normal boys without other signs of puberty. Acta Paediatr. 83, 520-521.12. Partsch, C.-J. and Sippell, W.G. (2001). Pathogenesis and epidemiology of precocious puberty. Effectsof exogenous oestrogens. Hum. Reprod. Update 7, 292-302.13. Nielsen, C.T., Skakkebaek, N.E., Richardson, D.W., Darling, J.A., Hunter, W.M., Jorgensen, M.,Nielsen, A., Ingerslev, O., Keiding, N. and Müller, J. (1986). Onset of the release of spermatozoa(spermarche) in boys in relation to age, testicular growth, pubic hair, and height. J. Clin. Endocrinol.Metab. 62, 532-535.14. Nielsen, C.T., Skakkebaek, N.E., Darling, J.A.B., Hunter, W.M., Richardson, D.W., Jorgensen, M.and Keiding, N. (1986). Longitudinal study of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) in relationto spermarche, pubic hair, height and sitting height in normal boys. Acta Endocrinol. Suppl. 279, 98-106.15. Buchanan, C.R. (2000). Abnormalities of growth and development in puberty. J. R. Coll. PhysiciansLond. 34, 141-145.16. Pryor, J.L., Hughes, C., Foster, W., Hales, B.F. and Robaire, B. (2000). Critical windows of exposurefor children’s health: the reproductive system in animals and humans. Environ. Health Perspect. 108(Suppl. 3), 491-503.© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC