A Practical Approach, Second Edition=Ronald D. Ho.pdf

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EmbryoMother(Endometrium)Figure 6.3EmbryonicConnective TissueEmbryonic CapillaryCytotrophoblastUterineEpitheliumMaternalConnective TissueMaternal CapillaryMaternal Blood CellEmbryonicConnective TissueEmbryonic CapillaryCytotrophoblastSyncytiotrophoblastMaternal CapillaryMaternal ConnectiveTissueMaternal Blood CellEpitheliochorial Endotheliochorial Hemochorial(early)EmbryonicConnective TissueEmbryonic CapillaryCytotrophoblastSyncytiotrophoblastTrophoblastic LacunaMaternal ConnectiveTissueMaternal Blood CellTypes of placentas, classified by extent of invasiveness. The three most common placental types are depicted in a series that illustrates the progressiveloss of tissue layers between the maternal and embryonic vascular systems. Six layers are interposed between the two circulations in theepitheliochorial placenta, four layers in the endotheliochorial placenta, and three layers in the hemochorial placenta.152 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: A PRACTICAL APPROACH, SECOND EDITION© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Table 6.2Comparative reproductive and placental features in selected experimental mammals and humansFeature Rat Mouse Rabbit Hamster Guinea Pig Rhesus Monkey HumanEstrus cycle (days) 4–6 3–9 None 4 16 28(menstrual cycle)28(menstrual cycle)Ovulation stimulus Spontaneous Spontaneous Coitus Spontaneous Spontaneous Spontaneous SpontaneousUterus Bicornuate Bicornuate Duplex Bicornuate Bicornuate Simplex SimplexUsual no. of offspring 6–14 8–16 6–9 5–10 3–4 1 1Gestation (days) 22 19 30–32 15–16 67–68 166 266Implantation type Eccentric —earlyInterstitial — lateEccentric —earlyInterstitial — lateSuperficial Interstitial Interstitial Superficial InterstitialClassification by fetal Early Early Early Early Earlymembranes that Inverted yolk sac Inverted yolk sac Inverted yolk sac Inverted yolk sac Inverted yolk sac Chorioallantoic Chorioallantoiccontribute to placenta Definitive Definitive Definitive Definitive DefinitiveChorioallantoic Chorioallantoic Chorioallantoic Chorioallantoic ChorioallantoicPlacental shape Discoid Discoid Discoid Discoid Discoid Bidiscoid DiscoidInternal placental Labyrinthine Labyrinthine Labyrinthine Labyrinthine Labyrinthine Villous VillousstructurePlacental relation tomaternal tissuesHemotrichorial Hemotrichorial Hemodichorial Hemotrichorial Hemomonochorial Hemomonochorial HemomonochorialCOMPARATIVE FEATURES OF VERTEBRATE EMBRYOLOGY 153© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Second EditionDEVELOPMENTALandREPRO
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Published in 2006 byCRC PressTaylor
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Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14Chapt
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The EditorRonald D. Hood, Ph.D., is
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Alan M. HobermanArgus ResearchHorsh
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APPENDIX ATerminology of Anatomical
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TERMINOLOGY OF ANATOMICAL DEFECTS 9
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Organ/StructureCodeNumberObservatio
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Organ/Structure10145 Ocular colobom
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Organ/StructurePulmonaryarteryPulmo
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Terminology of developmental abnorm
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Organ/StructureCervicalcentrumCodeN
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Organ/Structure10689 Misshapen thor
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Organ/StructureSacralcentrumSacralv
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968 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXI
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1000 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOX
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Table 1Human Non-human Primate Rat
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Table 1 (continued)Sertoli CellsHum
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Table 2 (continued) Landmarks in th
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Table 2 (continued) Landmarks in th
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POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
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PART IPrinciples and Mechanisms© 2
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4 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXICO
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10 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXIC
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Table 2.6Receptor(Official Name a )
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Clearly, more research needs to be
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Female 0.00-0.69 0.004-0.39 0.00-0.
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Figure 8.11775Pott DescribesScrotal
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The underlying physiology of juveni
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Table 8.5Total body composition by
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Table 8.6Serum chemistry values for
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Table 8.7Parameter bHematology valu
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CHAPTER 9Significance, Reliability,
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DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXI
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Prior to the early 1980s, numerous
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Figure 9.51906Food andDrugs Act2000
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Table 9.18Selected comparison point
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Table 9.33Selected comparison point
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Table 9.48What do regulatorswant to
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CHAPTER 10Testing for Reproductive
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TESTING FOR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 4
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We would like to acknowledge the ef
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CHAPTER 12Role of Xenobiotic Metabo
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y ESR spectrometry. 122 Further ESR
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CHAPTER 13Use of Toxicokinetics in
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USE OF TOXICOKINETICS IN DEVELOPMEN
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CHAPTER 17Statistical Analysis for
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPMEN
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CHAPTER 19Perspectives on the Devel
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PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL A
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Guideline OECD 415 (One Generation)
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The Office of Prevention, Pesticide
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CHAPTER 20Human Studies — Epidemi
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HUMAN STUDIES 801I. INTRODUCTIONEpi
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HUMAN STUDIES 803is actively trying
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CHAPTER 21Developmental and Reprodu
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There are six factors that may affe
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