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EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHES TO EVALUATE MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY 55193. Chernoff, N., Rogers, J.M., Alles, A.J., Zucker, R.M., Elstein, K.H., Massaro, E.J., et al., Cell cyclealterations and cell death in cyclophosphamide teratogenesis. Teratogen, Carinogen, Mutagen., 9, 199,1989.194. Auroux, M.R., Dulioust, E.J., Nawar, N.N., Yacoub, S.G., Mayaux, M.J., Schwartz, D., et al., Antimitoticdrugs in the male rat. Behavioral abnormalities in the second generation, J. Androl., 9, 153,1988.195. Hales, B.F., Crosman, K., and Robaire, B., Increased postimplantation loss and malformations amongthe F2 progeny of male rats chronically treated with cyclophosphamide, Teratology, 45, 671, 1992.196. Dulioust, E.J., Nawar, N.Y., Yacoub, S.G., Ebel, A.B., Kempf, E.H., and Auroux, M.R., Cyclophosphamidein the male rat: new pattern of anomalies in the third generation, J. Androl., 10, 296, 1989.197. Hoorn, A.J., Custer, L.L., Myhr, B.C., Brusick, D., Gossen, J., and Vijg, J., Detection of chemicalmutagens using Muta Mouse: A transgenic mouse model, Mutagen., 8, 7, 1993.198. Kohler, S.W., Provost, G.S., Fieck, A., Kretz, P.L., Bullock, W.O., Putman, D.L., et al., Analysis ofspontaneous and induced mutations in transgenic mice using a lambda ZAP/lacI shuttle vector,Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 18, 316, 1991.199. Kohler, S.W., Provost, G.S., Fieck, A., Kretz, P.L., Bullock, W.O., Sorge, J.A., et al., Spectra ofspontaneous and mutagen-induced mutations in the lacI gene in transgenic mice, Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA, 88, 7958, 1991.200. Little, J.B., Cellular, molecular, and carcinogenic effects of radiation, Hematol. Oncol. Clin. NorthAm., 7, 337, 1993.201. Faustman-Watts, E., Greenaway, J.C., Namkung, M.J., Fantel, A.G., and Juchau, M.R., Teratogenicityin vitro of 2-acetylaminofluorene: role of biotransformation in the rat, Teratology, 27, 19, 1983.202. Faustman-Watts, E., Yang, H., Namkun, M., Greenaway, J., Fantel, A., and Juchau, M., Mutagenic,cytotoxic, and teratogenic effects of 2-acetylaminofluorene and reactive metabolites in vitro, Teratogen.Carcinog. Mutagen., 4, 273, 1984.203. Faustman-Watts, E.M., Greenaway, J.C., Namkung, M.J., Fantel, A.G., and Juchau, M.R., Teratogenicityin vitro of two deacetylated metabolites of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, Toxicol. Appl.Pharmacol., 76, 161, 1984.204. Faustman-Watts, E.M., Namkung, M.J., Greenaway, J.C., and Juchau, M.R., Analysis of metabolitesof 2-acetylaminofluorene generated in an embryo culture system. Relationship of biotransformationto teratogenicity in vitro, Biochem. Pharmacol., 34, 2953, 1985.205. Juchau, M.R., Giachelli, C.M., Fantel, A.G., Greenaway, J.C., Shepard, T.H., and Faustman-Watts,E.M., Effects of 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital on the capacity of embryos to bioactivateteratogens during organogenesis, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 80, 137, 1985.206. Morgan, W., Non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation: I. Radiation-inducedgenomic instability and bystander effects in vitro, Rad. Res., 159, 567, 2003.207. Morgan, W., Non-targeted and delayed effects of exposure to ionizing radiation: II. Radiation-inducedgenomic instability and bystander effects in vivo, Rad. Res., 159, 2003.208. Fuscoe, J.C., Zimmerman, L.J., Fekete, A., Setzer, R.W., and Rossiter, B.J., Analysis of X-ray-inducedHPRT mutations in CHO cells: insertion and deletions, Mutat. Res., 269, 171, 1992.209. Grosovsky, A.J., de Boer, J.G., de Jong, P.J., Drobetsky, E.A., and Glickman, B.W., Base substitutions,frameshifts, and small deletions constitute ionizing radiation-induced point mutations in mammaliancells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 185, 1988.210. Hutchinson, F., Molecular biology of mutagenesis of mammalian cells by ionizing radiation, Semin.Cancer Biol., 4, 85, 1993.211. Lutze, L.H. and Winegar, R.A., pHAZE: a shuttle vector system for the detection and analysis ofionizing radiation-induced mutations, Mutat. Res., 245, 305, 1990.212. Skandalis, A., Grosovsky, A.J., Drobetsky, E.A., and Glickman, B.W., Investigation of the mutagenicspecificity of X-rays using a retroviral shuttle vector in CHO cells, Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 20, 271,1992.213. Brachman, D.G., Hallahan, D.E., Beckett, M.A., Yandell, D.W., and Weichselbaum, R.R., p53 genemutations and abnormal retinoblastoma protein in radiation-induced human sarcomas, Cancer Res.,51, 6393, 1991.214. Garte, S.J. and Burns, F.J., Oncogenes and radiation carcinogenesis, Environ. Health Perspect., 93,45, 1991.© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
56 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY: A PRACTICAL APPROACH, SECOND EDITION215. Little, J.B., Cellular, molecular, and carcinogenic effects of radiation, Hematol. Oncol. Clin. NorthAm., 7, 337, 1993.216. Jensh, R.P. and Brent, R.L., Effects of prenatal X-irradiation on the 14th-18th days of gestation onpostnatal growth and development in the rat, Teratology, 38, 431, 1988.217. Kiyono, S., Seo, M., and Shibagaki, M., Effects of environmental enrichment upon maze performancein rats with microcephaly induced by prenatal X-irradiation, Jpn. J. Physiol., 31, 769, 1981.218. Norton, S., Behavioral changes in preweaning and adult rats exposed prenatally to low ionizingradiation, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 83, 240, 1986.219. Tamaki, Y. and Inouye, M., Avoidance of and anticipatory responses to shock in prenatally x-irradiatedrats, Physiol. Behav., 22, 701, 1979.220. Rudnicki, M. and McBurney, M., Cell culture methods and induction of differentiation of embryonalcarcinoma cell lines, in Teratocarcinomas and Embryonic Stems Cells: A Practical Approach, Robertson,E. J., Ed., IRL Press, Oxford, 1987, p. 19.221. Boulter, C.A. and Wagner, E.F., The effects of v-src expression on the differentiation of embryonalcarcinoma cells, Oncogene, 2, 207, 1988.222. de Groot, R.P., Kruyt, F.A., van der Saag, P.T., and Kruijer, W., Ectopic expression of c-jun leads todifferentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells, Embo. J., 9, 1831, 1990.223. Dutt, K., Scott, M., Sternberg, P.P., Linser, P.J., and Srinivasan, A., Transdifferentiation of adult humanpigment epithelium into retinal cells by transfection with an activated H-ras proto-oncogene, DNACell Biol., 12, 667, 1993.224. Propst, F., Rosenberg, M.P., Cork, L.C., Kovatch, R.M., Rauch, S., Westphal, H., et al., Neuropathologicalchanges in transgenic mice carrying copies of a transcriptionally activated Mos protooncogene,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87, 9703, 1990.225. Kreidberg, J.A., Sariola, H., Loring, J.M., Maeda, M., Pelletier, J., Housman, D., et al., WT-1 isrequired for early kidney development, Cell, 74, 679, 1993.226. Collins, M. and Mao, G., Teratology of retinoids, Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol., 39, 399, 1999.227. Pignatello, M.A., Kauffman, F.C., and Levin, A.A., Multiple factors contribute to the toxicity of thearomatic retinoid TTNPB (Ro 13-7410): interactions with the retinoic acid receptors, Toxicol. Appl.Pharmacol., 159, 109, 1999.228. Tzimas, G., Thiel, R., Chahoud, I., and Nau, H., The area under the concentration-time curve of alltrans-retinoicacid is the most suitable pharmacokinetic correlate to the embryotoxicity of this retinoidin the rat, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 143, 436, 1997.229. Nau, H., Chaoud, I., Dencker, L., Lammer, E., and Scott, W., Teratogenicity of vitamin A and retinoids,in Health and Diseases, Blomhoff, R., Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1994.230. Kraft, J.C., Shepard, T., and Juchau, M.R., Tissue levels of retinoids in human embryos/fetuses,Reprod. Toxicol., 7, 11, 1993.231. Chambon, P., A decade of molecular biology of retinoic acid receptors, FASEB J., 10, 940, 1996.232. Sucov, H.M., Izpisua-Belmonte, J.C., Ganan, Y., and Evans, R.M., Mouse embryos lacking RXR alphaare resistant to retinoic-acid-induced limb defects, Development, 121, 3997, 1995.233. Lohnes, D., Kastner, P., Dierich, A., Mark, M., LeMeur, M., and Chambon, P., Function of retinoicacid receptor gamma in the mouse, Cell, 73, 643, 1993.234. Iulianella, A. and Lohnes, D., Contribution of retinoic acid receptor gamma to retinoid-inducedcraniofacial and axial defects, Dev. Dyn., 209, 92, 1997.235. Kochar, D.K. and Kumawat, B.L., Cerebral malaria or Plasmodium falciparum malaria with hypoglycaemia,Lancet, 347, 1549, 1996.236. Marshall, H., Morrison, A., Studer, M., Popperl, H., and Krumlauf, R., Retinoids and Hox genes,FASEB J., 10, 969, 1996.237. Chang, C., Smith, D.R., Prasad, V.S., Sidman, C.L., Nebert, D.W., and Puga, A., Ten nucleotidedifferences, five of which cause amino acid changes, are associated with the Ah receptor locuspolymorphism of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice, Pharmacogenetics, 3, 312, 1993.238. Lambert, G.H. and Nebert, D.W., Genetically mediated induction of drug-metabolizing enzymesassociated with congenital defects in the mouse, Teratology, 16, 147, 1977.239. Poland, A. and Glover, E., 2,3,7,8,-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin: segregation of toxocity with the Ahlocus, E. Mol. Pharmacol., 17, 86, 1980.© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Second EditionDEVELOPMENTALandREPRO
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Published in 2006 byCRC PressTaylor
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Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14Chapt
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The EditorRonald D. Hood, Ph.D., is
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Alan M. HobermanArgus ResearchHorsh
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APPENDIX ATerminology of Anatomical
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TERMINOLOGY OF ANATOMICAL DEFECTS 9
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Organ/StructureCodeNumberObservatio
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Organ/Structure10145 Ocular colobom
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Organ/StructurePulmonaryarteryPulmo
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Terminology of developmental abnorm
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Organ/Structure10689 Misshapen thor
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968 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXI
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1000 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOX
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Table 1Human Non-human Primate Rat
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Table 1 (continued)Sertoli CellsHum
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Table 2 (continued) Landmarks in th
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Table 2 (continued) Landmarks in th
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POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
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PART IPrinciples and Mechanisms© 2
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CHAPTER 6Comparative Features of Ve
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COMPARATIVE FEATURES OF VERTEBRATE
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Table 6.2Comparative reproductive a
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Maturation andRelease ofGametesSper
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Amniotic cavity 9.5 1.5 1-4 1-4,6,9
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Table 6.6DescriptionComparative ges
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ParathyroidParathyroids 12.5 6.2 41
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Table 6.8DescriptionComparative ges
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Formation ofchoroid plexusof latera
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CHAPTER 7Developmental Toxicity Tes
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DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY TESTING —
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Female 0.00-0.69 0.004-0.39 0.00-0.
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Figure 8.11775Pott DescribesScrotal
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The underlying physiology of juveni
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CHAPTER 9Significance, Reliability,
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DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXI
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Figure 9.51906Food andDrugs Act2000
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Table 9.18Selected comparison point
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Table 9.33Selected comparison point
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CHAPTER 10Testing for Reproductive
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TESTING FOR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 4
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CHAPTER 12Role of Xenobiotic Metabo
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ROLE OF XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM IN DE
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CHAPTER 13Use of Toxicokinetics in
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USE OF TOXICOKINETICS IN DEVELOPMEN
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CHAPTER 17Statistical Analysis for
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPMEN
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CHAPTER 19Perspectives on the Devel
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PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL A
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Guideline OECD 415 (One Generation)
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The Office of Prevention, Pesticide
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CHAPTER 20Human Studies — Epidemi
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HUMAN STUDIES 801I. INTRODUCTIONEpi
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HUMAN STUDIES 803is actively trying
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HUMAN STUDIES 805100908070Induced a
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HUMAN STUDIES 811from monstrous, us
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HUMAN STUDIES 815G. Childhood Cance
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HUMAN STUDIES 827Table 20.4CaseSmok
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HUMAN STUDIES 829B. The Formation o
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HUMAN STUDIES 831Table 20.6Smoking
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HUMAN STUDIES 837with spina bifida
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HUMAN STUDIES 83926. Haglund, B. an
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CHAPTER 21Developmental and Reprodu
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A Practical Approach, Second Edition=Ronald D. Ho.pdf

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