A Practical Approach, Second Edition=Ronald D. Ho.pdf

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The EditorRonald D. Hood, Ph.D., is Professor Emeritus of Biological Sciences, having retired from thefaculty of the Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology Section of the Department of BiologicalSciences of The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, in June, 2000. Dr. Hood remainsactive in research and consulting, and has retained his office and laboratory at the university. Heis also principal of Ronald D. Hood and Associates, Toxicology Consultants, and Adjunct Professorof Public Health in the School of Public Health of the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Dr.Hood received his B.S. and M.S. degrees from Texas Tech University and his Ph.D. in reproductivephysiology from Purdue University (1969). He joined the faculty of The University of Alabama in1968 as assistant professor, advanced to the rank of full professor in 1978, and served as interimdepartment chair in 1996 to 1997. Dr. Hood was also Consultant in Environmental Medicine, U.S.Veterans Administration, Office of Medicine and Surgery, Agent Orange Special Projects Office(off site) during 1983 and Special Consultant, Science Advisory Board, U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, from 1983 through 1993. In addition, he has served as a consultant to industrialclients, trade associations, federal and state agencies, and law firms since 1978, and as a grant ordocument reviewer for the Environmental Protection Agency, the Agency for Toxic Substances andDisease Registry, the Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, ICCVAM, and the NationalResearch Council.Dr. Hood is a member of the Teratology Society, the Society of Toxicology, and the Reproductiveand Developmental Toxicology Specialty Section of the Society of Toxicology (RDTSS), and heis the current editor of the RDTSS Newsletter. Dr. Hood was also a charter member of the Societyfor the Study of Reproduction and of the Neurobehavioral Teratology Society. He has been particularlyactive in the Teratology Society, where he has chaired the society’s Membership, Education,and Constitution/Bylaws committees, was a member of the society’s Ad Hoc Committees on Ethics,Warkany Lecturer Selection, Expert Testimony, and Web Site. Dr. Hood has served as a memberof the editorial boards of Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, Toxicological Sciences, andInScight, and he is a current member of the EPA’s Food Quality Protection Act Science ReviewBoard (FQPA/SRB).At the University of Alabama, Dr. Hood taught courses on teratology, developmental toxicology,both general and environmental toxicology, developmental biology, human embryology, reproductivephysiology, endocrinology, and general physiology.Dr. Hood’s current research interests include investigation of mechanisms and development ofassays for developmental toxicity. His recent research has involved assessment of the ability ofindole-3-carbinol to protect against developmental toxicity, determination of whether the developmentaltoxicity of chromium picolinate is due to the picolinate alone, detection of toxicant-inducedDNA strand breaks in organogenesis stage mammalian embryos, influence of maternal diet andbiotransformation by methylation on arsenical-induced developmental toxicity, maternal stress andteratogen interactions, and mechanistic studies of mitochondrial poisons as teratogens. He has alsoinvestigated the teratogenic potential of environmental toxicants, such as mycotoxins and arsenicals;he has conducted research on teratogen-teratogen and gene-teratogen interactions, the use ofdeveloping Drosophila melanogaster as an “in vitro” screening system for developmental toxicants,and arsenic biotransformation in vivo and in vitro. Dr. Hood has participated in numerous workshopsand expert review panels on developmental toxicity and risk assessment. He has also authored oredited some 92 publications in print or in press (research articles, reviews, books, and bookchapters), including Handbook of Developmental Toxicology, the predecessor to the current volume,in addition to numerous unpublished reports.© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contributors ListBarbara D. AbbottU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle Park, North CarolinaKathleen D. BarrowcloughDuPontNewark, DelawareMelissa J. BeckWIL Research LaboratoriesAshland, OhioChristopher J. BowmanWIL Research LaboratoriesAshland, OhioRobert L. BrentDuPont Hospital for ChildrenWilmington, DelawareRobert M. CabreraTexas A & M University System Health ScienceCenterHouston, TexasJames J. ChenU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationJefferson, ArkansasMildred S. ChristianArgus ResearchHorsham, PennsylvaniaThomas F.X. CollinsU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationLaurel, MarylandRalph L. CooperU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle Park, North CarolinaJohn M. DeSessoMitretek SystemsFalls Church, VirginiaSusan Y. EulingU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyWashington, D.C.Elaine M. FaustmanUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonLynda B. FawcettJefferson Medical CollegeWilmington, DelawareRichard H. FinnellTexas A & M University System Health ScienceCenterHouston, TexasJulie M. GohlkeUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonJerome M. GoldmanU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle Park, North CarolinaEarl Gray, Jr.U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle Park, North CarolinaWilliam C. GriffithUniversity of WashingtonSeattle, WashingtonMarion F. GruberU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationRockville, MarylandBarbara F. HalesMcGill UniversityMontreal, Quebec, CanadaJason H. HansenEmory UniversityAtlanta, GeorgiaCraig HarrisThe University of MichiganAnn Arbor, MichiganGary HeldU.S. Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle Park, North Carolina© 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Page 2 and 3: Second EditionDEVELOPMENTALandREPRO
Page 4 and 5: Published in 2006 byCRC PressTaylor
Page 6 and 7: Chapter 12Chapter 13Chapter 14Chapt
Page 10 and 11: Alan M. HobermanArgus ResearchHorsh
Page 12 and 13: APPENDIX ATerminology of Anatomical
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Page 42 and 43: Terminology of developmental abnorm
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Organ/StructureSacralcentrumSacralv
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TERMINOLOGY OF ANATOMICAL DEFECTS 9
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968 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXI
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1000 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOX
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Table 1Human Non-human Primate Rat
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Table 1 (continued)Sertoli CellsHum
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Table 2 (continued) Landmarks in th
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Table 2 (continued) Landmarks in th
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POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENTAL MILESTONES
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PART IPrinciples and Mechanisms© 2
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4 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXICO
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10 DEVELOPMENTAL REPRODUCTIVE TOXIC
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Table 2.6Receptor(Official Name a )
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Clearly, more research needs to be
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CHAPTER 6Comparative Features of Ve
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COMPARATIVE FEATURES OF VERTEBRATE
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Table 6.2Comparative reproductive a
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Maturation andRelease ofGametesSper
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Amniotic cavity 9.5 1.5 1-4 1-4,6,9
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Posteriorcardinal veinsestablishedT
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PosteriorcardinaldegenerationRight
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StomachappearsThirdpharyngealpouch;
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Table 6.6DescriptionComparative ges
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ParathyroidParathyroids 12.5 6.2 41
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Table 6.8DescriptionComparative ges
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Formation ofchoroid plexusof latera
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Table 6.10DescriptionMuscular Syste
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Distalphalanges offingersseparatedF
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Table 6.11DescriptionIntermediateme
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CHAPTER 7Developmental Toxicity Tes
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DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY TESTING —
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Female 0.00-0.69 0.004-0.39 0.00-0.
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Figure 8.11775Pott DescribesScrotal
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The underlying physiology of juveni
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Table 8.5Total body composition by
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Table 8.6Serum chemistry values for
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Table 8.7Parameter bHematology valu
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CHAPTER 9Significance, Reliability,
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DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXI
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Prior to the early 1980s, numerous
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Figure 9.51906Food andDrugs Act2000
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Table 9.18Selected comparison point
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Table 9.33Selected comparison point
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Table 9.48What do regulatorswant to
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CHAPTER 10Testing for Reproductive
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TESTING FOR REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY 4
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We would like to acknowledge the ef
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CHAPTER 12Role of Xenobiotic Metabo
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ROLE OF XENOBIOTIC METABOLISM IN DE
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y ESR spectrometry. 122 Further ESR
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CHAPTER 13Use of Toxicokinetics in
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USE OF TOXICOKINETICS IN DEVELOPMEN
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CHAPTER 17Statistical Analysis for
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS FOR DEVELOPMEN
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CHAPTER 19Perspectives on the Devel
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PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL A
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Guideline OECD 415 (One Generation)
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The Office of Prevention, Pesticide
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CHAPTER 20Human Studies — Epidemi
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HUMAN STUDIES 801I. INTRODUCTIONEpi
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HUMAN STUDIES 803is actively trying
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HUMAN STUDIES 829B. The Formation o
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CHAPTER 21Developmental and Reprodu
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There are six factors that may affe
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